CO 2 capture, storage and reuse potential in Finland

Abstract Economical feasibility and potential of CO 2 capture, storage and reuse in Finland was evaluated under the National Programme on Technology and Climate Change (Climtech). In Finland, no suitable geologic formations exist to sequester CO 2 . The nearest potential CO 2 sequestration sites are offshore oil and gas fields in the North Sea and Barents Sea, which would mean a transport of 500-1000 km for captured CO 2 . With current knowledge, capturing CO 2 near the storage sites and investing to new cross-border electricity transmission capacity seems the most feasible option for Finland. Storing CO 2 as solid mineral carbonate could be an option in the future, since large resources of suitable silicates exist in Finland as natural minerals and as wastes of mining industry. The reuse potential of captured CO 2 is less than 0.5% of the annual CO 2 emissions.

Implications of collection/delivery points for transport and logistics

Failed first-time home deliveries may result in carrier's repeated delivery journeys and also consumer's trips to retrieve their failed deliveries from the carrier's depot. Home shopping is rapidly becoming a significant generator of logistics activity, and efforts are being devoted to identify the transport and environmental implications of those failed home deliveries. The attended collection/delivery point (CDP) concept is one solution to deal with the first-time delivery failures, using a variety of locations (for example, convenience stores, post offices) as alternative addresses to receive deliveries. Using two databases of households from across Winchester and West Sussex (UK), this article confirms that certain benefits might accrue from using networks of Local Collect post offices, supermarkets and railway stations as CDPs, compared with the traditional delivery method where the carrier may make several redelivery attempts to the home, with the customer making a personal trip to the carrier's depot in the event that these attempts also fail

Studies on the lifespan extension by low levels of reactive oxygen species in C. elegans

MasterFor the last two decades, many molecules and pathways that regulate life span in various organisms have been identified. Among these, reduced mitochondrial respiration has been shown to extend the lifespan of various species including C. elegans, Drosophila and mice. Although several recent studies identified genes that are required for this lifespan extension, underlying molecular mechanism are still poorly understood. Our group previously proposed that the inhibition of the respiration lengthens the lifespan of C. elegans through increasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We showed that the elevated ROS stabilize hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1), a longevity-promoting transcription factor required for the responses to low oxygen conditions. Our findings challenged the oxidative stress theory of aging that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of mitochondrial respiration and main determinants of aging through damaging molecules such as - DNA, proteins and lipids. In this thesis, I focused on further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which ROS promote the long lifespan of C. elegans. First, since dietary restriction is a well known evolutionarily conserved longevity mechanism, therefore I examined whether ROS treatment mimicked dietary restriction by reducing the feeding of C. elegans and found that it did not. Second, I tested whether the ROS treatment increased lifespan by enhancing innate immune response and found that it did not. I examined which longevity genes are required for the ROS- induced lifespan extension by using mutations in hsf-1/heat shock factor 1, aak-2/AMP kinase, and sir-2.1/sirtuin. I found that aak-2 is required for this lifespan extension similar to hif-1. Since mice with reduced respiration mutation live long as well as C. elegans, it will be important to examine how inhibition of mitochondrial respiration increases lifespan and I believe my study will shed light on elucidating the molecular mechanisms

Addressing the last mile problem - the transport impacts of collection/delivery points

The impacts of failed first-time home deliveries on additional carrier journeys (repeat deliveries) and customer trips (to retrieve goods from carrier depots) are of increasing concern to e-retailers and are assessed in this paper. The attended collection and delivery point (CDP) concept is one solution to first-time delivery failures, using a variety of outlets (e.g., convenience stores, petrol stations, post offices) as alternative addresses to receive deliveries. By using a database of households from across West Sussex in the United Kingdom, this paper confirms that certain benefits might accrue from using networks of Local Collect post offices, supermarkets, and railway stations as CDPs, compared with the traditional delivery method in which the carrier may make several redelivery attempts to the home with the customer making a personal trip to the carrier's depot in the event that these attempts also fail. A network of CDPs across West Sussex would function most effectively (in reducing the overall traveling costs associated with handling failed first-time deliveries) when the proportion of first-time home delivery failures is greater than 20%, the proportion of customers traveling to the depot is more than 30%, Local Collect post offices are used as CDPs, and significant numbers of people would walk to their local CDP. Customers benefit the most from CDPs, with reductions in their current traveling costs of up to 90% being modeled here. The reduction in carrier traveling costs is much less, but the processing costs associated with home delivery failures are reduced significantly by diverting the failed packages to CDPs<br/