POLITIK SUBALTERN ‘STRATEGI VINOLIA WAKIJO SEBAGAI AKTOR INTERMEDIARY DALAM MEREPRESENTASIKAN WARIA DAN PENGAKUAN ATAS GENDER KETIGA

ABSTRAK   Studi ini ingin melihat bagaimana Vinolia Wakijo atau Mami Vin dan LSM Kebaya berperan sebagai aktor non electoral dalam Politik Intermediary yang mampu menjadi representasi akan hak-hak para waria sebagai warga Negara. dari Negara dan juga masyarakat lainnya. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan politik subaltern, politik representasi, dan juga teori kekuasaan Pierre Bourdieu. Dengan metode penelitian kualitatif berbasis pendekatan etnografi. Waria sebagai kaum subaltern ini dalam menegaskan dan mempertahankan identitas tidak terlepas dari kemampuan mereka untuk memperoleh, memperluas dan mempertahankan identitas tersebut sebagai bukti nyata dalam representasi sosial. Sehingga mereka dapat diakui dan melepaskan “baju” minoritasnya. Diskriminasi tersebut sangat berhubungan erat dengan prasangka masyarakat terhadap kaum waria. Prasangka masyarakat terhadap kaum waria sendiri berasal dari perilaku negatif dari kaum waria. Komunitas waria sebagai bagian dari kelompok marginal mengalami berbagai tekanan dari penekanan. Pengakuan akan keberadaan waria sebagai gender ketiga (diluar laki-laki dan perempuan) ternyata hanya didapatkan oleh waria tertentu, terutama waria yang memiliki prestasi dan juga para elite dari waria tersebut. Semisal contoh apa yang ada dalam LSM Kebaya, pengakuan atas waria sebagai gender ketiga hanya didapatkan oleh Mami Vin. Mami Vin tidak lagi pernah mendapatkan diskriminasi dari masyarakat. Kini Mami Vin lebih dipandang sebagai sosok seorang „IBU‟ ketimbang waria, mami Vin dapat dengan mudah berinteraksi dengan masyarakat dan Negara tanpa ada rasa takut. Karena dia yakin telah diterima dalam masyarakat. Hal tersebut mami Vin dapatkan bukan hanya karena prestasi dan konsistensinya sebagai representasi dari waria dalam penanggulangan dan penyebaran Virus HIV/AIDS dikalangan waria saja, melainkan justru datang dari dirinya yang mampu menampilkan sisi yang berbeda dari waria pada umumnya. Kata-kata kunci : Subaltern, Politik Representasi, Dan Kekuasaa

A Numerical Model of Vapour Transfer and Phase Change in Unsaturated Freezing Soils

In recent studies, vapour transfer is reported to lead to remarkable frost heave in unsaturated soils, but how to better model this process has not been answered. In order to avoid the great uncertainty caused by the phase change term of vapour-water-ice in the numerical iteration process, a new numerical model is developed based on the coupled thermal and hydrological processes. The new model avoids using the local equilibrium assumption and the hydraulic relations that accounts for liquid water flow, which provides a new way for the water-heat coupling movement problem. The model is established by using COMSOL Multiphysics, which is a multiphysics simulation software through finite element analysis. The model is evaluated by comparing simulated results with data from column freezing experiments for unsaturated coarse-grained soils. Simulated values of the total water content compare well with experimental values. The model is proved to be applicable and numerically stable for a high-speed railway subgrade involving simultaneous heat and moisture transport. An agreement can be found between the predicted and measured frost/thawed depth and soil moisture profiles, demonstrating that the model is able to simulate rapidly changing boundary conditions and nonlinear water content profiles in the soil

A hybrid instance-intensive workflow scheduling method in private cloud environment

Ye X, Li J, Liu S, Liang J, Jin Y. A hybrid instance-intensive workflow scheduling method in private cloud environment. Natural Computing. 2019;18(4):735-746.Aiming to solve the problem of instance-intensive workflow scheduling in private cloud environment, this paper first formulates a scheduling optimization model considering the communication time between tasks. The objective of this model is to minimize the execution time of all workflow instances. Then, a hybrid scheduling method based on the batch strategy and an improved genetic algorithm termed fragmentation based genetic algorithm is proposed according to the characters of instance-intensive cloud workflow, where task priority dispatching rules are also taken into account. Simulations are conducted to compare the proposed method with the canonical genetic algorithm and two heuristic algorithms. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can considerably enhance the search efficiency of the genetic algorithm and is able to considerably outperform the compared algorithms, in particular when the number of workflow instances is high and the computational resource available for optimization is limited

Neighbor-Affected Orientation Rotation in the Grain Boundary Region

Orientation rotation at grain boundary regions associated with neighboring orientations in Fe-3.0 wt.% Si non-oriented silicon steel has been investigated by crystal plastic simulation. Rotation tendency relative to a certain target orientation is evaluated by deviation angle variation. Taking ideal λ (//ND, normal direction) as the target orientation, the deviation angle of scattered {001} uv0> orientations at grain boundary regions affected by neighboring orientations during rolling is calculated and verified by experimental measurements. The rotation tendency and rotation velocity field at grain boundary regions are significantly changed by neighboring orientations. According to the neighbor affected orientation rotation, the initial texture can be precisely designed to control the deformation texture at grain boundary regions

Experimental Study of Water Transfer and Ice Accumulation in Freezing Soils under Different Conditions

A series of tests for water transfer and ice accumulation were conducted under different soil types and conditions of water supply method, temperature gradient, and initial water content; the influence of the above parameters on the efficiency of water and vapor transfer was investigated and discussed. The main conclusions drawn are as follows. First, due to the difference in permeability for different soil type, water (i.e., liquid water and vapor) transfers differently. The water (or ice) accumulated in the soils of calcareous sand, silty soil in Lanzhou (SSL), red clay in Changsha, and silty soil in Hohhot (SSH) under the top plate is 34.5%, 21.0%, 11.33%, and 26.7%, respectively. In addition, the water (or ice) accumulation is determined by the holding capacity of water. Second, the supply method of liquid water is more efficiently compared with that of vapor supply, with the water contents increasing to 60.5% and 57.3% for liquid water and vapor supply. Third, the larger the temperature gradient, the greater the water accumulation in the frozen area. The increased amount of water mass under different temperature boundary conditions is 227.9 g, 253.3 g, and 273.8 g, respectively. Finally, the initial water content in silty soil has a significant influence on water and vapor transfer. The increased amounts of water for the tests of the initial water content of 5%, 10%, and 15% are 282.6 g, 253.3 g, and 132.5 g, respectively. The smaller the initial water content, the greater the water transfer in the unfrozen zone and vapor transfer in the frozen zone

Knowledge Distillation via the Target-aware Transformer

Knowledge distillation becomes a de facto standard to improve the performance of small neural networks. Most of the previous works propose to regress the representational features from the teacher to the student in a one-to-one spatial matching fashion. However, people tend to overlook the fact that, due to the architecture differences, the semantic information on the same spatial location usually vary. This greatly undermines the underlying assumption of the one-to-one distillation approach. To this end, we propose a novel one-to-all spatial matching knowledge distillation approach. Specifically, we allow each pixel of the teacher feature to be distilled to all spatial locations of the student features given its similarity, which is generated from a target-aware transformer. Our approach surpasses the state-of-the-art methods by a significant margin on various computer vision benchmarks, such as ImageNet, Pascal VOC and COCOStuff10k. Code will be released soon.Comment: CVPR2022(Oral

Surface coating of biomass-modified black phosphorus enhances flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its synergistic mechanism

A novel surface coating based on chitosan (CS) modified black phosphorus (BP) is obtained through layer-by-layer self-assembly and applied to flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam (PUF). The CS-BP coating tightly adheres to the PUF surface through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction, improving the PUF's thermal stability, photothermal conversion performance and fire safety performance without compromising its mechanical properties. The 9L-CS-BP/PUF exhibits reduced the peak of CO2 release, PHRR, and THR by 36.7%, 39.5%, and 28.8%, respectively, while increasing its residual carbon content by 35.2%. Moreover, a systematic comparison is made between the residual carbon inside and on the surface before and after combustion, and the results indicate that a large number of P-O-C structures and phosphoric acid derivatives are generated on the surface. The surface carbon layer formed by CS-BP effectively inhibited the thermo-oxidative degradation process of inner PUF. In the gas phase, modification of CS increases both the temperature range for the release of phosphorus-containing compounds during BP pyrolysis and the release of non-combustible gases during combustion, synergistically enhancing the gas-phase flame retardancy of CS-BP coating. This study provides a new approach to enhance the flame retardancy efficiency and broaden the application of BP-based flame retardants

Comprehensive miRNA Analysis of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Extracellular Vesicles

Background/Aims: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) participate in the tissue-specific repair of many different organs, especially the kidney. Their effects are primarily mediated by the paracrine release of factors including extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are composed of micro-vesicles and exosomes. The corresponding microRNAs (miRNAs) of EVs are considered important for their biological functions. Methods: MSCs were cultured from the human umbilical cord, and EVs were isolated from the medium. The expression levels of miRNAs in MSCs and EVs were determined by microarray analysis, and gene ontology (GO) was used to analyze the functions of their target genes. Results: MSCs and EVs had similar miRNA expression profiles, with the exception of a small number of selectively enriched miRNAs. GO analysis indicated that, unlike MSCs, the target genes of EV-enriched miRNAs were associated with calcium channel regulation and cell junction activities, which may indicate that MSC and EVs have different regulatory properties. Angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signaling pathways related to the repair of renal injury were also analyzed, and EV-enriched miRNAs targeted genes associated with oxidative stress, T cell activation, and Toll-like receptor signaling. The miRNAs enriched in both MSCs and EVs targeted different genes in signaling pathways regulating angiogenesis and chemokine release. Conclusion: MSCs and their EVs shared similar miRNA component, and some selectively enriched miRNAs observed in MSCs and EVs may affect different target genes through some specific signaling pathways

SLC1A5 regulates cell proliferation and self-renewal through β-catenin pathway mediated by redox signaling in arsenic-treated uroepithelial cells

Arsenic exposure increases the risk of bladder cancer in humans, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The alanine, serine, cysteine-preferring transporter 2 (ASCT2, SLC1A5) is frequently overexpressed in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of arsenic on SLC1A5, and to determine the role of SLC1A5 in the proliferation and self-renewal of uroepithelial cells. F344 rats were exposed to 87 mg/L NaAsO2 or 200 mg/L DMAV for 12 weeks. The SV-40 immortalized human uroepithelial (SV-HUC-1) cells were cultured in medium containing 0.5 μM NaAsO2 for 40 weeks. Arsenic increased the expression levels of SLC1A5 and β-catenin both in vivo and in vitro. SLC1A5 promoted cell proliferation and self-renewal by activating β-catenin, which in turn was dependent on maintaining GSH/ROS homeostasis. Our results suggest that SLC1A5 is a potential therapeutic target for arsenic-induced proliferation and self-renewal of uroepithelial cells