Radical design processes for systemic change

To enable radical design in safety-critical collaborative workplaces, there is a need to engage a wide range of stakeholders. This paper reports on three design presentations carried out with the purpose of enabling systemic changes necessary to carry out a complete redesign of current ship bridges for advanced marine operations. The presentations showed possible future bridge designs developed from an extensive design-driven research and development project. The presentations were held inside the company commissioning the innovations and publicly at industrial meeting places where customers, sub-suppliers and regulatory authorities meet. We present the objectives, target groups, our strategy, the means of presentation and the results. Our preliminary work suggests there is a close relation between the presentations and the research and development project's ability to introduce radical innovations to marine industry. The presentations have aligned stakeholder expectations of future bridge development and as such prepared the community for systemic changes. We suggest the three presentations are examples of how design presentations can serve as systemic interventions that prime social systems so as to more easily accept and support radical innovation processes

Field studies informing ship's bridge design at the ocean industries concept lab.

In this paper we discuss the use of field research in multidisciplinary design processes when designing the ship's bridge of offshore service vessels. From carrying out ten field studies at sea over a three year period we have gained considerable insight into the role which field research may play in design projects for the offshore ship industry. We have found that allowing the designers to experience the onboard environment first hand is vital when designing for such a complex domain. Building on the experience we have gained, we have developed a model for design-driven field research relevant for these kinds of design projects. Our model encourages designers to engage in design reflection while in the field. This we believe is particularly important when designing for use situations unfamiliar to most designers, like a ship's bridge

Systemic design in complex contexts : an enquiry through designing a ship's bridge

In recent years designers seem to increasingly be engaged in projects for complex, high-risk domains. Yet, little research has been conducted that addresses how designers experience such projects, what kinds of challenges they face, and how they may manage these challenges. This thesis addresses the design in one such domain: the offshore ship industry. The presumptions for the thesis are that designing for such contexts is complex and that systemic design approaches may prove valuable. Systemic design is a recent initiative in design that integrates systems thinking and human-centred design, with the intention of helping designers cope with complex design projects. The aim of the thesis is to understand designing for complex, high-risk control environments, and how systemic design may be of help when designing for such contexts. This has been investigated through ‘research by design’ that addresses the design of a ship’s bridge, and by an interview study with industrial and interaction designers with experience in the maritime and offshore industries. Research by design is a research approach where design practise is at the core of research. The design practise of this thesis was carried out within the Ulstein Bridge Concept (UBC) design research project. The thesis confirms that designing for the offshore ship industry is complex and challenging on many fronts. First, the domain is unfamiliar to most designers, and acquiring the insights needed for designing requires substantial effort. Second, the products to be designed constitute highly advanced technology that is used in complex, uncertain, and high-risk situations. Third, the industry is global; it has many stakeholders and is highly regulated, both of which make the framework conditions for offshore-specific design projects difficult to grasp. In the thesis, systemic design is conceptualised by a systemic model of the design situation that makes explicit what designers need to make sense of in such projects. The operationalisation of systemic design was conducted within the UBC project and includes the development of two systemic design methods: design-driven field research at sea and layered scenario mapping. Further, the designs developed by UBC, the Ulstein Bridge Vision™, can serve as design exemplars resulting from systemic approaches. This is a thesis by publication, which consists of an exegesis (included as Part 1) and six publications (included as Part 2). The exegesis presents the research design and theoretical perspectives that are used, and includes an overarching reflection on the results of the thesis that binds the publications together

Guide: Layered scenario mapping

Layered scenario mapping is a technique used to gain insight into the ‘situation one designs for’. It is a systemic technique and emphasises presenting information in different layers going from an overview to very detailed information. The technique proposes a structured approach to collecting and presenting data and provides a template for sorting and presenting the data in a layered manner hierarchically, spatially, and temporally