Determine physical properties of an organic citric acid (processed lime juice) dissolve with water using experimental apparatus

This paper describes experimental studies on the physical properties of processed lime juice to dissolve with water. Lime juice as known as organic citric acid have many advantages in our life especially in food industries, pharmaceutical industries, anticancer and antioxidant and cleaning agent. Physical properties of liquid include pH, viscosity, density, molar mass and surface tension. This Study conducted using common laboratory apparatus such as Pycnometer, the pH device (HI 9811 pH), Viscolite700 etc. The additional organic citric acid by percentage in water was changed the physical properties of liquids. The future strategy of this research is to introduce organic lime juice mixed with water in spray system as cleaning agent, reduce air pollution and reduce water consumption for Commercial Restaurant Equipment

Characteristic study of flat spray nozzle by using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and ANSYS simulation method

Water mist sprays are used in wide range of application. However it is depend to the spray characteristic to suit the particular application. This project studies the water droplet velocity and penetration angle generated by new development mist spray with a flat spray pattern. This research conducted into two part which are experimental and simulation section. The experimental was conducted by using particle image velocimetry (PIV) method, ANSYS software was used as tools for simulation section meanwhile image J software was used to measure the penetration angle. Three different of combination pressure of air and water were tested which are 1 bar (case A), 2 bar (case B) and 3 bar (case C). The flat spray generated by the new development nozzle was examined at 9cm vertical line from 8cm of the nozzle orifice. The result provided in the detailed analysis shows that the trend of graph velocity versus distance gives the good agreement within simulation and experiment for all the pressure combination. As the water and air pressure increased from 1 bar to 2 bar, the velocity and angle penetration also increased, however for case 3 which run under 3 bar condition, the water droplet velocity generated increased but the angle penetration is decreased. All the data then validated by calculate the error between experiment and simulation. By comparing the simulation data to the experiment data for all the cases, the standard deviation for this case A, case B and case C relatively small which are 5.444, 0.8242 and 6.4023

Study the velocity and pressure exerted in front of the filter surface in the kitchen hood system by using ANSYS

Commercial kitchen hood ventilation system is a device used to capture and filtered the plumes from cooking activities in the kitchen area. Nowadays, it is very popular in the industrial sector such as restaurant and hotel to provide hygiene food. This study focused at the KSA filter part which installed in the kitchen hood system, the purpose of this study is to identify the critical region which indicated by observing the velocity and pressure of plumes exerted at of KSA filter. It is important to know the critical location of the KSA filter in order to install the nozzle which will helps increase the filtration effectiveness. The ANSYS 16.1 (FLUENT) software as a tool used to simulate the kitchen hood systems which consist of KSA filter. The commercial kitchen hood system model has a dimension 700 mm width, 1600 mm length and 555 mm height. The system has two inlets and one outlet. The velocity of the plumes is set to be 0.235m/s and the velocity of the inlet capture jet is set to be 1.078m/s. The KSA filter is placed 45 degree from the y axis. The result shows the plumes has more tendency flowing pass through at the bottom part of KSA filter

Noise control in air conditioning system

An air conditioning system cools air within an area. An air conditioner controller defines information based on input data from door and window open status sensors and a return air monitor sensing the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature or relative humidity of the air within the area being cooled by the air conditioning system and shuts down the system when specific conditions exist. The defined information is transmitted to a remote host device which retains and presents the transmitted information or information derived therefrom. The air conditioning system usually will produce some noise especially in bigger unit such as chiller unit. There are ways to control the noise in order to give comfort to everybody

Relation between Velocity and Pressure in Circular and Non-Circular Shape Duct for Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) System

Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) is used to isolate contaminants from the source. It is vital to ensure good air quality, particularly for employees exposed to hazardous gases such as high-temperature factories and kitchens where food is cooked.  This simulation explores how a particular cross-sectional duct structure influences the ventilation device’s velocity distribution and pressure decrease.  The system’s design consists of a collecting hood, 90° bends, 45° bends, and a straight pipe. Three models use the same volume around the unit. There are circular (Model A), square (Model B), and rectangular (Model C). This study is carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). The simulation shows the behaviour of the airflow from the inlet to the exit in all three models.  Model A is the most preferable of the results produced because the velocity distribution in this circular line is evener and more balanced. The average velocity of the model A device is a mean of 2.80m/s, and the lowest mild pressure is -76.74 Pa. Changes in the path of the system’s flow creates eddy and disturbance to the system’s flow.  Higher pressure to sustain the optimal flow speed will increase energy consumption and help more robust preliminary designs for local exhaust ventilation

Analysis of Mixture Formation and Flame Development in Biodiesel Burner Combustion Using Direct Optical Visualization Technique

Despite years of emission-reduction attempts, biodiesel combustion still have problem of emitting NOx, CO and particulate matter (PM) into the atmosphere. To reduce emissions, the improvements throughout the combustion process have been considered with the enhancement fuel-air mixing. Optical visualization technique is very essential due to its ability to record real time color image of fuel-air premixing and flame development during burning process. The purpose of this study is to determine the relation between mixture formation and flame development of burner combustion using optical visualization technique and image processing technique. Blending of biodiesel ratio was varied from 5 vol% (B5) – 15 vol% (B15). Water content under emulsified biodiesel was varied up to 15 percent, and equivalence ratio from 0.6 to 2.0. The real spray image of emulsified biodiesel and different equivalence ratio were captured by direct photography method together with color digital camera. The images of the spatial distribution of fuel-air mixing and natural flame luminosity will be further analyzed and to obtain information of the flame development in order to understand the influences of fuel-air premixing on combustion process and burning process. Analysis of spray evaporation and observations of combustion process reveal that the mixture formation exhibit influences to the ignition process and flame development