Alajäseme amputatisooni järgne taastusravi

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Complex systems approach and critical thinking in the construction of the research project about the youth in a “marginalized” community in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

The paper discusses the construction of a collective research project focused on the analysis of the youth from a “marginalized” urban area. The subjects of the research are all students of a high school, created by a local university specifically for the needs of their community. We look into the processes of their construction as knowing subjects that possess their own ideas on what it means to be young, participate in personal networks, and have had a unique experience related to the human rights, which more than often are violated in the case of “marginalized” youth. In the paper we discuss the very elaboration of the research object. Based on the constructivist paradigm of the systems approach of Rolando Garcia, our research has led us to make explicit our own standing on the empirical problem we have chosen and thus the epistemological and theoretical position we adopt to construct the research problem. The “parts” and the “processes” our system is made of are the product of our standing on the issue we analyse in the research. Adherents to the “epistemology of the south” of Boaventura De Sousa Santos and the critical perspective on culture and development of Esteban Krotz, we apply “alternative” concepts to “name” the empirical referents and serve of the complex systems thinking to reveal the “other” side of the urban area known as the “south” of Mérida. Marginalized, poor and violent, according to the official and media discourse, in our research it also stands out as a context of social injustice, racism, and discrimination in which some young people have risen as subjects that have defied their life circumstances, and have constructed ideas of what the good life and happiness –a good, dignified, free, and happy life (as Krotz (2002 y 2004) puts it)– would be like. This utopian horizon which the subjects aspire to reach –its components, challenges, and strategies to make it closer– is something we try to make visible through the analysis of the three principal sub-categories that conform the three subsystems of the major system that our research delimits as its object

Languaging to trigger change: second-order intercultural conversations with urban youth of Maya descent

The paper presents an applied research project that looks into whether the Yucatec Maya language can become an identity factor for the urban youth of Maya descent inhabitants of a marginal urban area in southeastern Mexico, against the entropic tendency towards the Yucatec Maya language loss in the urban environment. Our starting point is Maturana’s idea that through languaging and emotioning human worlds are built and maintained; our lives are intertwined in interactional networks, therefore we only exist as human beings through conversations we hold with other human beings. We go on to explore the types of connection to the Maya culture and language in the case of the young men and women who took part in a workshop “My life and the Maya culture: roots and relations”, and how this connection is constructed through languaging and emotioning whithin their families, personal networks, and the workshop itself. The conversations –that emerge through languaging and emotioning– are seen as potential triggers of changes in representations and attitudes towards the minorized language and culture. We also maintain that for the changes to be sustainable, the rest of the local society, viewed as a cultural multiverse (Krotz, 2004), is to recognize Maya speakers as legitimate others (Maturana & Nisis, 2014), so that the non-Maya groups are also to engage to ensure the structural coupling between the diverse parts that conform the multiverse. Our role as researchers, then, is not that of external observers; we assume our part in the cultural multiverse as participants in its construction who by languaging, emotioning, and subsequent acting, seek to contribute to a broader acceptance and respect towards the minorized language and its speakers

Languaging to trigger change: second-order intercultural conversations with urban youth of Maya descent

The paper presents an applied research project that looks into whether the Yucatec Maya language can become an identity factor for the urban youth of Maya descent inhabitants of a marginal urban area in southeastern Mexico, against the entropic tendency towards the Yucatec Maya language loss in the urban environment. Our starting point is Maturana’s idea that through languaging and emotioning human worlds are built and maintained; our lives are intertwined in interactional networks, therefore we only exist as human beings through conversations we hold with other human beings. We go on to explore the types of connection to the Maya culture and language in the case of the young men and women who took part in a workshop “My life and the Maya culture: roots and relations”, and how this connection is constructed through languaging and emotioning whithin their families, personal networks, and the workshop itself. The conversations –that emerge through languaging and emotioning– are seen as potential triggers of changes in representations and attitudes towards the minorized language and culture. We also maintain that for the changes to be sustainable, the rest of the local society, viewed as a cultural multiverse (Krotz, 2004), is to recognize Maya speakers as legitimate others (Maturana & Nisis, 2014), so that the non-Maya groups are also to engage to ensure the structural coupling between the diverse parts that conform the multiverse. Our role as researchers, then, is not that of external observers; we assume our part in the cultural multiverse as participants in its construction who by languaging, emotioning, and subsequent acting, seek to contribute to a broader acceptance and respect towards the minorized language and its speakers

Actitudes lingüísticas hacia la lengua maya: caso de estudiantes de comunicación en Yucatán Linguistic attitudes towards the Mayan language: case of communication students in Yucatán

Al indagar sobre las actitudes lingüísticas hacia la lengua maya (maayat’aan, maya yucateco o maya peninsular) de un grupo de estudiantes y egresados de una licenciatura en comunicación en Yucatán, México, mostramos la importancia de integrar dicha lengua como parte del perfil de comunicadores en la región. La lengua maya ha sufrido procesos históricos de minorización y discriminación, que se reflejan en los porcentajes cada vez menores de personas que la hablan. La mayoría de los participantes muestran actitudes positivas hacia lengua maya y reconocen la importancia de saberla, la responsabilidad de visibilizarla, cumplir con los derechos de sus hablantes, propiciar comprensión mutua, evitando los sesgos culturales. Las actitudes positivas, en efecto, pueden facilitar acciones en pro de la lengua, empezando por su aprendizaje. En una licenciatura, que integra el enfoque de Comunicación, Desarrollo y Cambio Social, la formación que incluya la lengua maya resulta fundamental.ARK CAICYT: http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s18531326/k7qj9q6f

Lenguaje ritual. Los usos de la comunicación verbal en los contextos rituales y ceremoniales

Partiendo de la premisa de que el ritual y la ceremonia integran de una manera indisoluble los haceres y los decires, el artículo pretende establecer la legitimidad y la importancia del análisis antropológico del lenguaje a la par con las acciones y símbolos subyacentes a los rituales y ceremonias. A pesar de que uno de los primeros intentos de dar una interpretación antropológica del lenguaje ritual efectuada por Bronislaw Malinowski se traza en 1935, el estudio de la comunicación verbal en los contextos rituales y ceremoniales ha tendido a ser relegado al segundo plano. El foco de interés de los antropólogos ha sido los símbolos y las acciones. En el artículo se revisan varios trabajos que han resaltado la presencia, la especificidad, usos y funciones de la comunicación verbal en los contextos rituales y ceremoniales. Su análisis lleva a la conclusión sobre la relevancia del estudio antropológico del lenguajes ritual y la comunicación verbal en estos contextos

Redes pessoais e comunicação entre pares para a revalorização da língua maia. Caso de estudantes universitários em Mérida, Yucatán

In this paper we address the methodology and some results of an applied research project aimed at revalorization of Maya language (maayat’aan); most of the participants are students, whose families have interrupted the Maya language transmission. We draw on the premises of a reflexive workshop and the methodology of personal networks, which enable the family memory reconstruction, autobiographical work, and the creation of intersubjective bonds between peers. We present the cases of three participants that allow to observe three particular processes, through which the language revalorization occurs on the subjective level. On the intersubjective level, sharing stories, feelings, and ideas allows to transit “from solitary individual existence to community social existence” (Kaplún, 1988, p. 60). This is manifested in the creation, by the project participants, of a juvenile group that fosters the Maya language.En este artículo abordamos la metodología y algunos resultados del proyecto de investigación aplicada, orientado a la revalorización de la lengua maya (maayat’aan); la mayoría de sus participantes son jóvenes estudiantes, en cuyas familias ha ocurrido la interrupción en su transmisión. Retomamos las premisas del taller reflexivo y la metodología de redes personales, que facilitan la reconstrucción de la memoria familiar, el trabajo autobiográfico y la creación de vínculos intersubjetivos entre pares. Presentamos los casos de tres participantes que permiten observar tres procesos particulares, a través de los cuales ocurre la revalorización de la lengua a nivel subjetivo. A nivel intersubjetivo, la puesta en común de las historias, sentimientos e ideas permite pasar “de la existencia individual aislada a la existencia social comunitaria” (Kaplún, 1998, p. 60). Ésta se manifiesta en la creación, por las personas participantes en el proyecto, de un colectivo juvenil promotor de la lengua maya.Neste artigo abordamos a metodologia e alguns resultados do projeto de pesquisa aplicada, visando a reavaliação da língua maia (maayat'aan); a maioria de seus participantes são jovens estudantes, em cujas famílias ocorreu a interrupção de sua transmissão. Voltamos às premissas da oficina reflexiva e à metodologia das redes pessoais, que facilitam a reconstrução da memória familiar, o trabalho autobiográfico e a criação de vínculos intersubjetivos entre pares. Apresentamos os casos de três participantes que nos permitem observar três processos particulares, por meio dos quais a revalorização da linguagem ocorre em um nível subjetivo. No nível intersubjetivo, o compartilhamento de histórias, sentimentos e ideias permite quevocê passe "da existência individual isolada para a existência social comunitária" (Kaplún, 1998, p. 60). Isso se baseia na criação, pelas pessoas que participam do projeto, de um grupo de jovens que promove a língua maia

Potential of Russian Regions to Implement CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery

The paper assesses the techno-economic potential of Russia to implement carbon capture and storage technologies that imply the capture of anthropogenic CO2 and its injection into geologic reservoirs for long-term storage. The focus is on CO2 enhanced oil recovery projects that seem to be the most economically promising option of carbon capture and storage. The novelty of the work lies in the formulation of a potential assessment method of CO2 enhanced oil recovery, which allows for establishing a connection between energy production and oil extraction from the viewpoint of CO2 supply and demand. Using linear optimization, the most promising combinations of CO2 sources and sinks are identified and an economic evaluation of these projects is carried out. Based on this information, regions of Russia are ranked according to their prospects in regards to CO2 capture and enhanced oil recovery storage. The results indicate that Russia has a significant potential to utilize its power plants as CO2 sources for enhanced oil recovery projects. It has been estimated that 71 coal-fired power plants, and 185 of the gas-fired power plants of Russia annually produce 297.1 and 309.6 Mt of CO2 that can cover 553.4 Mt of the demand of 322 Russian oil fields. At the same time, the total CO2 storage capacity of the Russian fields is estimated at 7382.6 Mt, however, due to geological and technical factors, only 22.6% can be used for CO2-EOR projects. Of the 183 potential projects identified in the regional analysis phase, 99 were found to be cost-effective, with an average unit cost of € 19.07 per ton of CO2 and a payback period of 8.71 years. The most promising of the estimated regions is characterized by a well-developed energy industry, relatively low transportation costs, numerous large and medium-sized oil fields at the final stages of development, and favorable geological conditions that minimize the cost of injection. Geographically, they are located in the North-Western, Volga, and Ural Federal districts

Особенности послеоперационного периода при хирургии глаукомы у пациента с синдромом Стердж-Вебера (клинический случай)

PURPOSE. To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment of secondary glaucoma and to present the clinic features of the postoperative period of a patient with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS)METHODS. A patient with SWS, choroidal hemangioma and secondary glaucoma was examined and treated (Ahmed valve implantation) in the S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center "MNTK "Eye Microsurgery", Moscow.RESULTS. On the first day after surgery on the left eye discovered: hypotension, decrease of the anterior chamber, serous choroidal detachment. Posterior scleral trepanation and injection of viscoelastic into the anterior chamber was performed. On the next day we got normalization IOP and complete choroidal attachment as a result of operation. But we got macular detachment of neuroepithelium, for this reason injections of glucocorticosteroids were performed with a positive effect. 1 month after surgery the retina and choroid are attached, IOP is 16 mm Hg on the left eye without hypotensive drops, visus for both eyes is 1.0.CONCLUSION. Implantation of the Ahmed valve can be used in the treatment of secondary glaucoma in patients with SWS in order to reduce IOP and minimize the risks of complications. ЦЕЛЬ. Оценить эффективность хирургического лечения вторичной глаукомы и представить особенности клиники послеоперационного периода у пациента с синдромом Стердж-Вебера (ССВ).МЕТОДЫ. В «МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» им. акад. С.Н. Федорова» г. Москва проведено обследование пациента с ССВ, гемангиомой хориоидеи и декомпенсированной вторичной глаукомой и выполнено лечение: имплантация клапана Ahmed.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. На первые сутки после операции на левом глазу выявлено: гипотония, измельчение передней камеры, серозная цилиохориоидальная отслойка. Проведена задняя трепанация склеры, восстановлен объем передней камеры вискоэластиком. На следующие сутки нормализация ВГД и полное прилегание сосудистой оболочки, но обнаружена отслойка нейроэпителия в макулярной области, в связи назначены инъекции глюкокортикостероидов с положительным эффектом. Через 1 месяц после операции жалобы отсутствуют, оболочки прилежат, на левом глазу ВГД - 16 мм рт. ст. без гипотензивных капель, острота зрения на оба глаза 1,0.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Имплантация дренажного клапана Ahmed может применяться в лечении вторичной глаукомы у пациентов с ССВ с целью снижения ВГД и минимизации рисков развития осложнений