Possibilities and limits of reduced primary tillage in organic farming

In two organically cultivated field trials, located in Germany and Greece, effects of reduced primary tillage systems on root and shoot growth of cereals were investigated. The field trial in Rommersheim near Mainz, Germany, was established in 1994 by the foundation „Stiftung Ökologie und Landbau“. The Agricultural University of Athens established in 1995 a similar experiment in a field trial carried out by The Laboratory of Crop Science, located in Athens, Greece

Einfluß von drei Bodenbearbeitungssystemen auf bodenphysikalische Eigenschaften und Wurzelwachstum von Wintergerste auf einem Ackerstandort in Athen, Griechenland

Optimierte bodenphysikalische Eigenschaften sind Grundlage der Entwicklung vitaler Getreidebestände und hoher Kornerträge. Wurzelwachstum und Wurzelaktivität stehen in engem Zusammenhang mit Bodendichte, Porenverteilung, Eindringwiderstand und dem gewogenen mittleren Aggregatdurchmesser. Konventionelle Grundbodenbearbeitung mit dem Wendepflug führt häufig zu ungünstigerem Bodengefüge, im Zusammenhang mit hohen Auflasten, zu Pflugsohlen. Ziel des Projektes war es, den Einfluß verschiedener Bodenbearbeitungssysteme auf bodenphysikalische Eigenschaften und das Wurzelwachstum von Wintergerste unter den klimatischen Bedingungen des Mittelmeerraums zu untersuchen

Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A: a reliable marker for ifferentiating between the consumption of illegal cannabis products and legal, medical Δ9-THC

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (Δ9-THCA-A) is the biosynthetic precursor of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in plant material of cannabis sativa, without having psychoactive effects . Δ9-THCA-A is not contained in pharmaceutical Δ9-THC formulations. Thus, Δ9-THCA-A can serve as a marker for differentiating between the consumption of illegal cannabis products and legal fully synthetic Δ9-THC

Pillared Sn-MWW Prepared by a Solid-State-Exchange Method and its Use as a Lewis Acid Catalyst

Pillared Sn-MWW (Sn-MWW(SP)-SSE) was prepared through a solid-state-exchange (SSE) route. The pillared structure was inherited from pillared B-MWW, and Sn was inserted in the framework by boron leaching and solid-state-exchange with tin tetrachloride pentahydrate. The Sn-MWW(SP)-SSE with framework Sn sites exhibits Lewis acidity and good catalytic performance for the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation, and mono- and disaccharide isomerizations

Pillared Sn-MWW Prepared by a Solid-State-Exchange Method and its Use as a Lewis Acid Catalyst

Pillared Sn-MWW (Sn-MWW(SP)-SSE) was prepared through a solid-state-exchange (SSE) route. The pillared structure was inherited from pillared B-MWW, and Sn was inserted in the framework by boron leaching and solid-state-exchange with tin tetrachloride pentahydrate. The Sn-MWW(SP)-SSE with framework Sn sites exhibits Lewis acidity and good catalytic performance for the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation, and mono- and disaccharide isomerizations

Medical Waste Treatment Technologies for Energy, Fuels, and Materials Production: A Review

The importance of medical waste management has grown during the COVID-19 pandemic because of the increase in medical waste quantity and the significant dangers of these highly infected wastes for human health and the environment. This innovative review focuses on the possibility of materials, gas/liquid/solid fuels, thermal energy, and electric power production from medical waste fractions. Appropriate and promising treatment/disposal technologies, such as (i) acid hydrolysis, (ii) acid/enzymatic hydrolysis, (iii) anaerobic digestion, (vi) autoclaving, (v) enzymatic oxidation, (vi) hydrothermal carbonization/treatment, (vii) incineration/steam heat recovery system, (viii) pyrolysis/Rankine cycle, (ix) rotary kiln treatment, (x) microwave/steam sterilization, (xi) plasma gasification/melting, (xii) sulfonation, (xiii) batch reactor thermal cracking, and (xiv) torrefaction, were investigated. The medical waste generation data were collected according to numerous researchers from various countries, and divided into gross medical waste and hazardous medical waste. Moreover, the medical wastes were separated into categories and types according to the international literature and the medical waste fractions’ percentages were estimated. The capability of the examined medical waste treatment technologies to produce energy, fuels, and materials, and eliminate the medical waste management problem, was very promising with regard to the near future