The size of catheters: an important parameter to consider in assessing infectivity

The diagnosis of catheters’ infectivity is established considering several parameters. These relate to the clinical patients’ data and the microbial load of the catheters following their culture. Catheter infectivity type is related to the significance threshold. However, differences in sizes exist between several catheters. So, in order to qualify any microbial alteration, it is important to take into account the impact of the size of the catheters. For this, future studies should consider this parameter to assess microbial load properly

Medical and epidemiological impact of candidal biofilms, tridimensional architecture, and resistance

A hospital can be considered an ecosystem where the patient is found in contact with the microbial world and faces the risk of contracting an infection that is termed the nosocomial. Some opportunist pathogens yeast parts of this universe, candida sp., is responsible for more than 75% of systemic fungal infections. These infections are primarily related to medical devices such as catheters that promote the formation of biofilms. That structure sets up nests for disease because it is not easily amenable to conventional antifungal therapy. The diagnosis of catheter-related candidiasis is difficult; however, the differentiation between catheter infection and a simple contamination is essential to establishing an antifungal treatment. In this context, we conducted our study between February 2011 and January 2012 at the Hospital University Center of Sidi Bel Abbès (Algeria), which is to assess the responsible yeast species, then, to check their power to form biofilms and to test their resistance against amphotericin B and fluconazol. From 457 samples, 37 strains of candida sp. were isolated, along with the dominance of C. glabrata. Nevertheless, 31 strains were able to form biofilms; in addition, it appears from this study that the antifungal tests clearly show that sessile cells of candida sp. were much more resistant than their planktonic counterparts (32 times higher toward AmB and 128 times to fluconazole). Moreover, images of electron microscopy show the formation of biofilms on the internal surfaces of catheters

Our Overall Current Knowledge of Covid 19: An Overview

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a public health epidemic emergency of international concern in March 2020. In just two years, this pandemic has invaded most countries and killed more than 4,800,000. The evolution of the number of cases and contaminations per day remains alarming. In May 2021, the bar of 400,000 new cases was crossed in India; this represents the highest daily number of cases recorded by a country in the history of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, new variants of the virus emerged in some countries. The international scientific and political community has organized itself and engaged in a race against time to find possible remedies. During this period, when people were forced to confine themselves to their homes, the way of life changed remarkably. From the declaration of the pandemic to the conception of the first vaccine, people are still in shock. This article is a short-review that explains in general what the COVID-19; the origin, biology and genetics as well as the mode of transmission and contamination of the coronavirus are discussed

Proposition of an appropriate technique to diagnose catheters fungal infectivities

Despite their great importance in the hospital environment, catheters are medical devices that can harm patients following their alterations by bacteria and/or fungal microorganisms. These alterations are classified into three types of infectivities, which may be simple contaminations/colonizations or serious infections. Bacterial infectivities were well studied using the technique of (Brun-Buisson et al., 1987); however, no technique was designed for yeast. Thus, we aimed to adapt the bacterial technique toward the assessment of the fungal infectivities. In order to check its reproducibility, both techniques were used in parallel. The results obtained were not consistent. That of Brun-Buisson et al. reflected more the catheters fungal contamination or colonization; nevertheless, the modified technique was better appropriate to the fungal infections of catheters considering the reduced time for its realization. Keywords: Fungal infectivities, Candida sp., Catheters, Diagnostic, Technica