Microstrip Patch Antenna with C Slot for 5G Communication at 30 GHz

A novel design of a 30 GHz microstrip line-fed antenna for 5G communication has been presented in this paper. 5G is the latest industry standard in mobile communication, which is designed to deliver higher data speeds, lower latency, greater network capacity, and higher reliability. It uses major parts of the mmWave spectrum (28 GHz to 40 GHz), allowing for a wide range of applications like mobiles, vehicles, medical devices, and other IoT networks. This mmWave network requires efficient antennas for its effective communication. Patch antennas use the function of oscillating their physical structure to the wavelength of the transmitting wave. Thus, higher efficiency can be achieved in the mmWave spectrum due to its proximity to the actual dimensions of the patch antenna, which also allows us to design antennas at small sizes and high reliability. The design in this report has a patch antenna with a centre frequency of 30 GHz. The antenna was optimized for this frequency based on the best reflection coefficient and gain while keeping the restraints of staying within the FR-2 band of 28 GHz to 33 GHz. The proposed antenna has been implemented using Rogers RT5880 substrate for high gain and performance across a wide range of frequencies. The feed is also accompanied by a quarter-wave feed cut for performance increase and impedance matching. The design has a gain of 8.45, with a reflection coefficient of -8 dB at a resonant frequency of 30 GHz. It shows great directivity of 5o and VSWR of 2.3 over a bandwidth of 3.5 GHz. It also employs a 0.4 mm C slot, which induces a dipole effect, thereby increasing the directivity and gain of the antenna. Hence, it is recommended for use in applications related to 5G mobile communication. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-06-06 Full Text: PD

Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and antitubercular activity of some new pyrimidine derivatives

Pyrimidine heterocycles are proven to be biologically active heterocycles, found in many biological systems, displaying a broad spectrum of biological activities including anticancer, anxiolytic, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, anticonvulsant, antidepressant and antibacterial activities. New substituted 2-oxopyrimidines have been synthesized from the chalcones linked via indane-1,3-dione moity by the methods discussed in experimental section. We have synthesized some new 2-[6-(substituted phenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl]-indane-1,3-dione by reacting chalcones (step-1 compounds have been reported by us) with urea

Mortality in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria

BACKGROUND Quantifying the effect of natural disasters on society is critical for recovery of public health services and infrastructure. The death toll can be difficult to assess in the aftermath of a major disaster. In September 2017, Hurricane Maria caused massive infrastructural damage to Puerto Rico, but its effect on mortality remains contentious. The official death count is 64. METHODS Using a representative, stratified sample, we surveyed 3299 randomly chosen households across Puerto Rico to produce an independent estimate of all-cause mortality after the hurricane. Respondents were asked about displacement, infrastructure loss, and causes of death. We calculated excess deaths by comparing our estimated post-hurricane mortality rate with official rates for the same period in 2016. RESULTS From the survey data, we estimated a mortality rate of 14.3 deaths (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.8 to 18.9) per 1000 persons from September 20 through December 31, 2017. This rate yielded a total of 4645 excess deaths during this period (95% CI, 793 to 8498), equivalent to a 62% increase in the mortality rate as compared with the same period in 2016. However, this number is likely to be an underestimate because of survivor bias. The mortality rate remained high through the end of December 2017, and one third of the deaths were attributed to delayed or interrupted health care. Hurricane-related migration was substantial. CONCLUSIONS This household-based survey suggests that the number of excess deaths related to Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico is more than 70 times the official estimate. (Funded by the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and others.

Two Essays on Perceived Climate Change and Adaptation of Rural Livelihoods

For my thesis, I am going to present two essays on perceived climate change and livelihood adaptation. Using a survey data on 3,300 representative rural households from each drought as well as flood-prone regions of India, we examine the links between the households’ livelihood adaption choices and perceived climate change. The livelihoods adaptation choices are jointly modeled as the multivariate probit regression, estimated by the simulated likelihoods procedure of Cappellari and Jenkins (2003). We find that households who chose one adaptation strategy were more likely to choose another one. The adaptation choices of the households are strongly determined by their perceived climate change and the results are robust to multicollinearity among the measures of the perceptions of climate change. Among the control variables, access to information on onset of monsoon and amount of rainfall influences adaption choices

The Penetrance Of Pancreas Agenesis Caused By Gata6 Mutations Is Modified By A Non-Coding Snp

GATA6 is a critical regulator of pancreas development, with heterozygous mutations in this transcription factor being the most common cause of pancreas agenesis. However, patients harboring GATA6 mutations exhibit variability in disease phenotypes. We have used a pancreatic agenesis patient-induced pluripotent stem cell model to study this disorder. We found that after correcting the coding mutation in a pancreas agenesis patient’s iPS cell line, GATA6 protein expression was comparable to other wild type stem cell lines at the definitive endoderm stage of development but still depressed in pancreatic progenitors. To investigate this finding, we screened the regulatory regions of the GATA6 gene and identified a SNP in a 3’ regulatory region of GATA6, with the patient carrying the minor allele variant. We tested the SNP in 32 further patients with pancreatic agenesis caused by GATA6 mutations and found that the frequency of the minor allele was enriched in the pancreatic agenesis cohort. The minor allele variant disrupted binding of the orphan nuclear receptor RORα and reduced GATA6 expression and efficiency of pancreas differentiation. Our work highlights a possible genetic modifier contributing to the pancreatic agenesis phenotype in patients with GATA6 mutations and shows the benefits of using pluripotent stem cells to study the effects of non-coding genetic variants in modifying disease penetrance

The Penetrance of Pancreas Agenesis Caused by GATA6 Mutations Is Modified by a Non-coding SNP

GATA6 is a critical regulator of pancreas development, with heterozygous mutations in this transcription factor being the most common cause of pancreas agenesis. However, patients harboring GATA6 mutations exhibit variability in disease phenotypes. We have used a pancreatic agenesis patient-induced pluripotent stem cell model to study this disorder. We found that after correcting the coding mutation in a pancreas agenesis patient’s iPS cell line, GATA6 protein expression was comparable to other wild type stem cell lines at the definitive endoderm stage of development but still depressed in pancreatic progenitors. To investigate this finding, we screened the regulatory regions of the GATA6 gene and identified a SNP in a 3’ regulatory region of GATA6, with the patient carrying the minor allele variant. We tested the SNP in 32 further patients with pancreatic agenesis caused by GATA6 mutations and found that the frequency of the minor allele was enriched in the pancreatic agenesis cohort. The minor allele variant disrupted binding of the orphan nuclear receptor RORα and reduced GATA6 expression and efficiency of pancreas differentiation. Our work highlights a possible genetic modifier contributing to the pancreatic agenesis phenotype in patients with GATA6 mutations and shows the benefits of using pluripotent stem cells to study the effects of non-coding genetic variants in modifying disease penetrance