Differences in dietary pattern between obese and eutrophic children

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Excessive consumption of energy is a decisive factor of obesity, but a simple quantitative assessment of consumption between obese and eutrophic individuals not always explains the problem, raising questions about the importance of the qualitative aspects of food. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in nutrient composition and meal patterns between eutrophic and obese schoolchildren.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The diet of 83 children (42 obese and 41 eutrophic), aged between 7 and 11 years of age, was assessed by two non-consecutive dietary recalls. After the software analysis of macro and micronutrients composition, the different types and amount of legumes, fruits and vegetables were analyzed to verify the dietary patterns.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>No differences were verified in energy consumption between the groups (eutrophic = 1934.2 ± 672.7 kcal, obese = 1835.8 ± 621.2 kcal). In general, children showed consumption within the recommended ranges of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. The average consumption of fiber was higher in the eutrophic group (20.7 g) when compared to the obese group (14.8 g). The dietary fiber was strongly correlated with the number of servings of beans (r = 0.77), when compared to fruits (r = 0.44) and leafy vegetables (r = 0.13). It was also observed that the higher the consumption of fiber and beans, the lower the proportion of dietary fat (r = -0.22) in the diet. Generally, there was a low consumption of fiber (20.7 g = eutrophic group/14.8 g = obese group), beans (1.1 portions in the eutrophic and obese groups), fruits (0.7 portions eutrophic group and 0.6 obese group) and vegetables (1.3 eutrophic group and 1.1 obese group).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>It is concluded that the obesity was more related to a dietary pattern of low intake of dietary fiber than excessive energy consumption and macronutrients imbalance.</p

Nutrition, mental health and violence: from pregnancy to postpartum Cohort of women attending primary care units in Southern Brazil - ECCAGE study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Woman's nutritional status, before and during pregnancy, is a strong determinant of health outcomes in the mother and newborn. Gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention increases risk of overweight or obesity in the future and they depend on the pregestational nutritional status and on food consumption and eating behavior during pregnancy. Eating behavior during pregnancy may be the cause or consequence of mood changes during pregnancy, especially depression, which increases likelihood of postpartum depression. In Brazil, a study carried out in the immediate postpartum period found that one in three women experienced some type of violence during pregnancy. Violence and depression are strongly associated and both exposures during pregnancy are associated with increased maternal stress and subsequent harm to the infant. The main objectives of this study are: to identify food intake and eating behaviors patterns; to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders and the experience of violence during and after pregnancy; and to estimate the association between these exposures and infant's health and development.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>This is a cohort study of 780 pregnant women receiving care in 18 primary care units in two cities in Southern Brazil. Pregnant women were first evaluated between the 16^thand 36^thweek of pregnancy at a prenatal visit. Follow-up included immediate postpartum assessment and around the fifth month postpartum. Information was obtained on sociodemographic characteristics, living circumstances, food intake, eating behaviors, mental health and exposure to violence, and on infant's development and anthropometrics measurements.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This project will bring relevant information for a better understanding of the relationship between exposures during pregnancy and how they might affect child development, which can be useful for a better planning of health actions aiming to enhance available resources in primary health care.</p

Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes masculinos nas macrorregiões do Brasil, 1980-2000 Predominio del sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes masculinos de cinco regiones del Brasil, 1980-2000 Prevalence of overweight and obesity in male adolescents from five regions of Brazil, 1980-2000

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência e a tendência temporal do sobrepeso/obesidade em adolescentes brasileiros do sexo masculino. Métodos: Utilizou-se como fonte de informações o Banco de Dados do Exército Brasileiro. Esses dados foram coletados entre 1980 e 2000 e consta de 4.031.297 adolescentes entre 17 e 19 anos de idade. Foram realizados cinco cortes transversais, e quantificou-se a prevalência do sobrepeso/obesidade. Considerou-se sobrepeso o índice de massa corporal (IMC) entre 25 e 29,9 Kg/m2, e obesidade, IMC > 30 Kg/m2(OMS26). Em todos os estados brasileiros, a prevalência de sobrepeso foi maior que a de obesidade, apesar de a velocidade de incremento ter sido mais alta para obesidade. Ao ser comparada a prevalência do início (1980) com a do final do estudo (2000), observou-se, no Brasil, uma razão de prevalência de 2,58 para sobrepeso e de 8,18 para obesidade. As prevalências de sobrepeso/obesidade mostraram curvas ascensionais com tendência temporal crescente. As informações obtidas neste estudo apontam a necessidade de ações concretas para a prevenção de doenças crônicas em adultos jovens brasileiros.<br>El objetivo de este estudio fué determinar el predominio y la tendencia temporal de sobrepeso / obesidad en brasileños de adolescentes del sexo masculino. Métodos: Se utilizó como fuente de información el banco de datos del Ejército brasileño. Esos datos eran reunido entre 1980 a 2000, y consiste en 4.031.297 adolescentes entre 17 y 19 años de edad. Se realizaron cinco cortes transversales y se cuantificó la prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad. Fué considerado sobrepeso el índice de masa corporal (IMC) entre 25 y 29,9 Kg/m2, y la obesidad con el mismo índice IMC > 30 Kg/m2(OMS26). En todos los estados brasileños, el predominio de sobrepeso fué mayor que el de la obesidad, a pesar de la velocidad de incremento haber sido mayor para obesidad. La prevalência del principio ser comparado (1980) con el uno del extremo del estudio (2000), fue observado, en Brasil, una razón de prevalência de 2,58 para sobrepeso y de 8,18 para obesidad. Los predominios de sobrepeso/obesidad muestran curvas ascendentes con tendencia temporal en crecimiento. Conclusión: La informaciones obtenidas en este estudio indican la necesidad de acciones concretas para la prevención de enfermedades crónicas en adultos jóvenes brasileños.<br>The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the secular trend of overweight / obesity in adolescents Brazilians of the masculine sex. Methods A Brazilian Army's data bank. Those data were collected among 1980 to 2000, and it consists of 4.031.297 adolescents between 17 and 19 years of age. A cross-sectional study, with five cuts, was performed, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was quantified. Overweight was considered when the Body Mass Index (BMI) 3 reached between 25 and 29.9 Kg/m² and obesity when the BMI was >30Kg/m²(WHO26). Results:In all the Brazilian states, the overweight prevalence was larger than the one of obesity, in spite of the increment speed to have been higher for obesity. To the prevalece of the beginning to be compared (1980) with the one of the end of the study (2000), it was observed, in Brazil, a reason of prevalência of 2,58 for overweight and of 8,18 for obesity. The prevalece of overweight and obesity shows ascendig curve, with a secular trend. Conclusion: The information obtained in this study points to the necessity of concrete actions to prevent chronic disease in Brazilians young adults

Associação entre consumo de refrigerantes, sucos e leite, com o índice de massa corporal em escolares da rede pública de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Association between consumption of soft drinks, fruit juice, and milk and body mass index among public school students in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Avaliou-se a associação entre o consumo de refrigerantes, sucos e leite, com o índice de massa corporal (IMC) em 1.423 estudantes, entre 9 e 16 anos, de escolas públicas de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O consumo de bebidas foi avaliado por meio do recordatório alimentar de 24 horas e questionário de freqüência de consumo alimentar. Peso e estatura foram coletados para o cálculo do IMC. As análises de regressão linear foram estratificadas por sexo e ajustadas por atividade física, idade e efeito do conglomerado (classes). Verificou-se associação positiva entre freqüência de consumo de refrigerante e idade (p = 0,05) e negativa entre consumo de leite e idade (p = 0,004). Apenas para as meninas, o IMC associou-se positivamente com o consumo de sucos (&#946; = 0,02; p = 0,03). Para as outras bebidas não foram encontradas associações entre IMC e freqüência usual de consumo. O consumo de refrigerantes e sucos representou cerca de 20% do total de energia média consumida diariamente. Os resultados indicam que esforços para reduzir a ingestão de energia por meio de bebidas devem enfatizar também os sucos.<br>The association between consumption of soft drinks, fruit juice, and milk and body mass index (BMI) was evaluated in 1,423 students 9 to 16 years of age from public schools in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Beverage intake was measured using 24-hour recall and a food frequency questionnaire. Weight and height were measured to calculate BMI. Regression analyses took into account the cluster (classes) effect. Analyses were stratified by gender and adjusted for physical activity and age. The results showed a positive association between soft drink intake and age (p = 0.05) and a negative association between milk and age (p = 0.004). For girls only, there was a significant association between frequent fruit juice intake and BMI (&#946; = 0.02; p = 0.03). For the other beverages, there were no significant associations between BMI and frequent consumption in either gender. Soft drinks and juices accounted for 20% of mean daily energy intake. The results showed that efforts to reduce energy intake from beverages should include consumption of fruit juice

Perfil dietético, estado nutricional e prevalência de obesidade centralizada em praticantes de futebol recreativo Perfil dietético, estado nutricional y prevalencia de obesidad centralizada en practicantes de fútbol recreativo Dietetic profile, nutritional status and prevalence of central obesity in recreative soccer practitioners

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o perfil dietético, estado nutricional e a prevalência de obesidade centralizada (OC) em praticantes de futebol recreativo. MÉTODOS: Amostra: 40 indivíduos (38,6 &plusmn; 7,4 anos) do gênero masculino. Para a avaliação do consumo habitual (CH), foi utilizado um questionário quantitativo de freqüência alimentar. O estado nutricional foi avaliado por meio do índice de massa corporal (IMC). A OC foi definida como circunferência abdominal (CIRCAB) superior a 102cm. RESULTADOS: Predomínio de indivíduos da classe social "B" (80,0%), brancos (67,5%), casados (62,5%) e funcionários públicos (52,5%). As médias mostraram: massa corporal de 77,2 &plusmn; 11,8kg, estatura de 1,71 &plusmn; 0,1m, IMC de 26,4 &plusmn; 3,1kg/m², CIRCAB de 92,3 &plusmn; 8,8cm, CH de 2.623,2 &plusmn; 438,5kcal. As proporções de nutrientes foram de 48,2 &plusmn; 5,7% de carboidratos, 17,6 &plusmn; 2,4% de proteínas, 34,9 &plusmn; 4,2% de lipídeos totais, 568,2 &plusmn; 112,7mg de colesterol e 20,2 &plusmn; 6,1g de fibras dietéticas. No estado nutricional, 35,0% são eutróficos, 52,5% apresentam sobrepeso e 12,5% são obesos. Em relação ao padrão de obesidade, 12,5% apresentam gordura centralizada. Entre as correlações observou-se forte associação entre CIRCAB x IMC (r = 0,91) e CIRCAB x massa corporal (r = 0,88). CONCLUSÃO: Os futebolistas devem ser orientados sobre a importância da adequação nutricional para melhora da qualidade da vida e do desempenho esportivo, fato relacionado com as proporções de nutrientes encontrados, que evidenciaram reduzida ingestão de carboidratos e alta ingestão de proteínas e colesterol dietético. O estado nutricional mostrou valores prevalentes de sobrepeso e obesidade. A OC mostrou-se evidente, fato preocupante devido à associação desse padrão de obesidade com várias doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis.<br>El objetivo de este estudio ha sido el de evaluar el perfil dietético, estado nutricional y la prevalencia de la obesidad centralizada (OC) en practicantes de fútbol recreativo. MÉTODOS: Muestra: 40 individuos (38,6 &plusmn; 7,4 años) del género masculino. Para la evaluación del consumo habitual (CH), fue utilizado un cuestionario cuantitativo de la frecuencia alimentar. El estado nutricional fue evaluado mediante el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). La OC fue definida como la circunferencia abdominal (CIRCAB) superior a 102cm. RESULTADOS: Predominio de individuos de clase social "B" (80,0%), blancos (67,5%), casados (62,5%) y funcionarios públicos (52,5%). Las medias mostraron: masa corporal de 77,2 &plusmn; 11,8kg, estatura 1,71 &plusmn; 0,1m, IMC 26,4 &plusmn; 3,1kg/m², CIRCAB 92,3 &plusmn; 8,8cm, CH 2623,2 &plusmn; 438,5kcal y las proporciones de nutrientes fue 48,2 &plusmn; 5,7% carbohidratos, 17,6 &plusmn; 2,4% proteínas, 34,9 &plusmn; 4,2% lípidos totales, 568,2 &plusmn; 112,7mg colesterol y 20,2 &plusmn; 6,1g fibras dietéticas. En el estado nutricional, 35,0% son eutróficos, 52,5% presentan sobrepeso y 12,5% son obesos. En relación al padrón de obesidad, 12,5% presentan grasa centralizada. Entre las correlaciones se observó una fuerte asociación entre CIRCAB X IMC (r = 0,91) y CIRCAB X masa corporal (r = 0,88). CONCLUSIÓN: Los futbolistas deben ser orientados sobre la importancia de la adecuación nutricional para mejorar la calidad de vida y el desempeño deportivo, hecho éste relacionado con las proporciones de nutrientes encontrados que evidenciaron reducida ingestión de carbohidratos y alta ingestión de proteínas y colesterol dietético. El estado nutricional mostró valores de prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad. La OC se mostró evidente, hecho bastante preocupante debido a la asociación de este padrón de obesidad con varias enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.<br>The aim of the study was to evaluate the diet profile, nutritional status and centralized obesity (CO) prevalence in recreative soccer practitioners. METHODS: Sample: 40 male individuals (38.6 &plusmn; 7.4 years). To evaluate the habitual consumption (HC) it was used a quantitative of meal frequency. The nutritional status was evaluated by the Body Mass Index (BMI). The CO was defined as waist circumference (WCIRC) above 102 cm. RESULTS: There was a predominance of "B" social class individuals (80.0%), white ones (67.5%), married (62.5%) and public workers (52.5%). The average showed: body mass of 77.2 &plusmn; 11.8 kg, as high as 1.71 &plusmn; 0.1 m, BMI 26.4 &plusmn; 3.1 kg/m² and WCIRC 92.3 &plusmn; 8.8 cm, HC 2623.2 &plusmn; 438.5 kcal and the nutrients proportions was 48.2 &plusmn; 5.7% carbohydrates, 17.6 &plusmn; 2.4% proteins, 34.9 &plusmn; 4.2% total fat, 568.2 &plusmn; 112.7 mg cholesterol and 20.2 &plusmn; 6.1 g diet fibers. In relation to nutritional status, 35.0% are eutrophic, 52.5% present overweight and 12.5% present obesity. In relation to the obesity pattern, 12.5% present centralized fat. Among the correlations it was observed a strong association between WCIRC x IMC (r = 0.91) and WCIRC x body mass (r = 0,88). CONCLUSION: The soccer practitioners must be orientated over the nutritional adequation importance to life quality and sports practice, fact that is related to nutrients proportions that showed carbohydrates uptake reduction and high cholesterol and proteins uptake. The nutritional status showed values prevalence of overweight and obesity. The OC showed evident, that is dangerous because of the association of this obesity pattern with various chronic diseases that aren't transmissible