Fixed-Charge Solid Transportation Problem with Budget Constraints Based on Carbon Emission in Neutrosophic Environment

This paper is to integrate among solid transportation problem, budget constraints and carbon emission with probable maximum profit. The limits of air pollution and climate variation are solely dependent by exerting CO2 gas and rest greenhouse gases due to myriad transportation system. Henceforth, it is our apt mission to minimize carbon emission for pollution free environment. Again transportation system with single objective is hardly applicable to the situation with more than one criterion. Therefore multi- objective decision making is incorporated for designing reallife transportation problem. Due to time pressure, data limitation, lack of information or measurement errors in practical problems, there exist some hesitations or suspicions. Based on the fact, decision maker considers indeterminacy in the designed problems. To overcome the restriction on occurrence and non-occurrence of fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy, neutrosophic set is very important and suitable to accommodate such general structure of problems. Therefore neutrosophic environment with neutrosophic linear programming, fuzzy programming and global criterion method are profiled to search the compromise solution of the multi- objective transportation problem (MOTP). Thereafter, the performance of the considered model is useful by evaluating a numerical example; and then the derived results are compared. Finally sensitivity analysis and conclusions with upcoming works of this research are stated hereafter.PID2020-112754GB-I0 B-TIC-640-UGR2

Multi-objective fully intuitionistic fuzzy fixed-charge solid transportation problem

During past few decades, fuzzy decision is an important attention in the areas of science, engineering, economic system, business, etc. To solve day-to-day problem, researchers use fuzzy data in transportation problem for presenting the uncontrollable factors; and most of multi-objective transportation problems are solved using goal programming. However, when the problem contains interval-valued data, then the obtained solution was provided by goal programming may not satisfy by all decision-makers. In such condition, we consider a fixed-charge solid transportation problem in multi-objective environment where all the data are intuitionistic fuzzy numbers with membership and non-membership function. The intuitionistic fuzzy transportation problem transforms into interval-valued problem using (α, β)-cut, and thereafter, it reduces into a deterministic problem using accuracy function. Also the optimum value of alternative corresponds to the optimum value of accuracy function. A numerical example is included to illustrate the usefulness of our proposed model. Finally, conclusions and future works with the study are described.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology ("FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia"), through the CIDMA-Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications UID/MAT/ 04106/2019Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, FEDER funds from the European Union TIN2014-55024-P TIN2017-86647-

Neuregulin 1 and susceptibility to schizophrenia

To access full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink "View/Open" at the bottom of this pageThe cause of schizophrenia is unknown, but it has a significant genetic component. Pharmacologic studies, studies of gene expression in man, and studies of mouse mutants suggest involvement of glutamate and dopamine neurotransmitter systems. However, so far, strong association has not been found between schizophrenia and variants of the genes encoding components of these systems. Here, we report the results of a genomewide scan of schizophrenia families in Iceland; these results support previous work, done in five populations, showing that schizophrenia maps to chromosome 8p. Extensive fine-mapping of the 8p locus and haplotype-association analysis, supplemented by a transmission/disequilibrium test, identifies neuregulin 1 (NRG1) as a candidate gene for schizophrenia. NRG1 is expressed at central nervous system synapses and has a clear role in the expression and activation of neurotransmitter receptors, including glutamate receptors. Mutant mice heterozygous for either NRG1 or its receptor, ErbB4, show a behavioral phenotype that overlaps with mouse models for schizophrenia. Furthermore, NRG1 hypomorphs have fewer functional NMDA receptors than wild-type mice. We also demonstrate that the behavioral phenotypes of the NRG1 hypomorphs are partially reversible with clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia

Binding of Tetracycline and Chlortetracycline to the Enzyme Trypsin: Spectroscopic and Molecular Modeling Investigations

Tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) are common members of the widely used veterinary drug tetracyclines, the residue of which in the environment can enter human body, being potentially harmful. In this study, we establish a new strategy to probe the binding modes of TC and CTC with trypsin based on spectroscopic and computational modeling methods. Both TC and CTC can interact with trypsin with one binding site to form trypsin-TC (CTC) complex, mainly through van der Waals' interactions and hydrogen bonds with the affinity order: TC>CTC. The bound TC (CTC) can result in inhibition of trypsin activity with the inhibition order: CTC>TC. The secondary structure and the microenvironment of the tryptophan residues of trypsin were also changed. However, the effect of CTC on the secondary structure content of trypsin was contrary to that of TC. Both the molecular docking study and the trypsin activity experiment revealed that TC bound into S1 binding pocket, competitively inhibiting the enzyme activity, and CTC was a non-competitive inhibitor which bound to a non-active site of trypsin, different from TC due to the Cl atom on the benzene ring of CTC which hinders CTC entering into the S1 binding pocket. CTC does not hinder the binding of the enzyme substrate, but the CTC-trypsin-substrate ternary complex can not further decompose into the product. The work provides basic data for clarifying the binding mechanisms of TC (CTC) with trypsin and can help to comprehensively understanding of the enzyme toxicity of different members of tetracyclines in vivo

Sequences From First Settlers Reveal Rapid Evolution in Icelandic mtDNA Pool

A major task in human genetics is to understand the nature of the evolutionary processes that have shaped the gene pools of contemporary populations. Ancient DNA studies have great potential to shed light on the evolution of populations because they provide the opportunity to sample from the same population at different points in time. Here, we show that a sample of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences from 68 early medieval Icelandic skeletal remains is more closely related to sequences from contemporary inhabitants of Scotland, Ireland, and Scandinavia than to those from the modern Icelandic population. Due to a faster rate of genetic drift in the Icelandic mtDNA pool during the last 1,100 years, the sequences carried by the first settlers were better preserved in their ancestral gene pools than among their descendants in Iceland. These results demonstrate the inferential power gained in ancient DNA studies through the application of population genetics analyses to relatively large samples

Synthesis & characterization of zinc(II), cadmium(II) & mercury(II) complexes with bis(bidentate) schiff bases

272-275A few Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of the bistbidentate). Schiff bases derived from p-pheny lenediamine and salicylaldehyde (H2Salpphen), and o-phenylenediamine and a-vanillin (H2Vanophen), of the type MCI2.H2L(H2L = H2Salpphen or H2Vanophen) have been synthesised. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, IH and 13C NMR and mass spectra

The development of the female gametophyte in Toddalia asiatica (Linn.) Lamk (Syn. T. Aculeata Pers.)

[EN] The present study reveals the mean features of pre-fertilisation stages in the ovule of the taxon under investigation. The origin of multiple embryosacs in Toddalia asiatica may be due to the activity of the megaspores of linear tetrads. Polyembryony may be due to production of zygotic embryos from multiple gamctophytes.[ES] En este estudio se intenta definir las principales características de los estados previos a la fertilización encontrados en el óvulo del material que se investiga. El origen de los sacos múltiples embrionarios en Toddalia asiática puede ser debido a la actividad de las megasporas de las tétradas lineares iguales o diferentes. La poliembrionía puede ser debida a la producción de embriones a partir de gametofitos múltiples.Peer reviewe

Fuzzy-rough multi-objective product blending fixed-charge transportation problem with truck load constraints through transfer station

In this contribution, for the first time, an efficient model of multi-objective product blending fixed-charge transportation problem with truck load constraints through transfer station is formulated. Transfer station inserts transfer cost and type-I fixed-charge. Our aim is to analyze an extra cost that treats as type-II fixed-charge and truck load constraints in the designed model that required when the amount of items exceeds the capacity of vehicle for fulfilling the shipment by more than one trip. Type-II fixed-charge is added with transportation cost and other cost from transfer station. We consider here an important issue of the multi-objective transportation problem as product blending constraints for transporting raw materials with different purity levels for customers’ satisfaction. In realistic point of view, the parameters of the model are imprecise in nature due to existing several unpredictable factors. These factors are apprehended by incorporating the fuzzy-rough environment on the parameters. Expected-value operator is utilized to derive the deterministic form of fuzzy-rough data, and the model is experienced with help of fuzzy programming, neutrosophic linear programming and global criteria method. Two numerical examples are illustrated to determine the applicability of the proposed model

Studies of mercury(II), mercury(I), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes with pyrazoles

324-327A few Hg(II) and Hg(I) derivatives of the formula XHgpz* (X = CI, NO3) and (NO3)Hg2Pz* respectively (Hpz* = pyrazole or 3,5-dimethylpyrazole) have been synthesized in. alcoholic or aqueous medium. No ring C( 4 )-mercuration IS observed. With Zn(II), polymeric products of the composition Zn(pz*.H2O have been obtained. Cd(II) gives a product of undefined composition. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis,infrared and mass spectra