Evolution of b-values before large earthquakes of mb ≥6.0 in the Andaman region

We have considered six earthquakes of mb ≥6.0, with focal depths within 45 km, in Andaman region during 2000 to 2012 to examine the spatial variations of b-value at epicentre within a one-year period prior to the occurrence of the earthquakes. We have found a correlation between the low b for the one year time interval and the occurrence of large events. The epicentral b-values of six earthquakes are lower than 1.0 and five out of six earthquakes show very low b-value at the epicentre. Our study may indicate that b-value can be employed as a possible precursor for the forecasting of a major earthquake

Liver function tests in acute hepatitis in children

Background: Aim of study to analyse the elevation of liver enzymes of icteric children presenting as acute hepatitis and observe its association with hepatitis B surface antigen positivity rate. The liver function tests help us to monitor amount of hepatic dysfunction and early recognition and prediction of severity. This study was done to observe the degree of alteration in parameters of liver function test and predict the clinical outcome.Methods: Study was done in sixty-four children (upto age 12 years) presenting with symptoms of acute hepatitis in the paediatric OPD and emergency of Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna. Fifty healthy children were taken as controls. Liver functions were evaluated under following parameters as serum bilirubin, SGPT, SGOT and ALP. Statistical analysis was done for significance.Results: The results showed higher HBsAg positivity in male children compared to females; also shows the pattern of enzyme elevation at first visit of the patient. Serum total bilirubin was raised (mean  3.94mg/dl ,SD was 0.62), the liver enzymes were also elevated with SGPT (mean 615.83IU/l, SD 98.2), SGOT (mean 562.86 IU/l, SD 110.18) and ALT( mean 330 IU/l, SD 115.82) levels. The rise was significant for SGOT and SGPT with hepatitis B surface antigen positivity rate, but levels of serum bilirubin and ALP remained non-significant.Conclusions: This study helps us to analyze the incidence of HBsAg positive cases presenting with clinical features of acute hepatitis and degree of alteration of liver functions would help the physician in better management of the cases.

Incorporating Agile with MDA Case Study: Online Polling System

Nowadays agile software development is used in greater extend but for small organizations only, whereas MDA is suitable for large organizations but yet not standardized. In this paper the pros and cons of Model Driven Architecture (MDA) and Extreme programming have been discussed. As both of them have some limitations and cannot be used in both large scale and small scale organizations a new architecture has been proposed. In this model it is tried to opt the advantages and important values to overcome the limitations of both the software development procedures. In support to the proposed architecture the implementation of it on Online Polling System has been discussed and all the phases of software development have been explained.Comment: 14 pages,1 Figure,1 Tabl

An efficient protocol for mass multiplication of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban and determination of its phenolic content

The present study was focused on standardizing a protocol for callus induction as well as regeneration in Centella asiatica from leaf and stem as explants. Stem and leaf explants have been inoculated in B5 media supplemented with BAP (0.1-2.5 mg/l), kn (01-04 mg/l) and NAA (0.1-0.5 mg/l), 2, 4-D (0.2mg/l) for callus induction. The combination of BAP and NAA leads to the formation of green, brown, compact and friable calli while Kn and 2, 4-D induced brown calli. Highest shooting was obtained from BAP (1.5 mg/l) and NAA(0.5 mg/l).When the shoots were inoculated in half strength of B5 media fortified with 0.1 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA showed cent percent rooting with the highest number of roots per shoot (11.05 cm) and maximum root length (1.86 cm). Stem showed the best explants for callus induction as compared to leaf explants. A low concentration of plant growth regulators was unable to induced callus response in leaf and stem explants. Phenolic content analysis showed that calluses contain more amounts of phenol (0.81 mg/gmdw) as compared to both leaf (0.63 mg/gmdw) and stem (0.59 mg/gmdw) explants

Determinants of maternal near miss at tertiary care hospital: a retrospective study

Background: A woman who experienced a severe complication and she nearly died, but she survived the severe health condition during pregnancy, childbirth or postpartum is considered as maternal near miss. The investigation of near miss cases not only gives the superior information about disease burden but also the quality of care received by the mother. Methods: A hospital based retrospective study carried out on 120 pregnant women seeking treatment at the hospital were included in the study. Mothers who met the criteria for maternal near miss were identified by review of records. Results: In the present study, out of the 120 near miss cases studied, 60 (50.0%) cases belonged to the age group 18-24 years which forms about half of the population studied. 38 (31.66%) cases belonged to 25-29 years group, 15 (12.50%) cases in 30-34 years group and 7 (5.83%) cases in 35 years and above age group. Also, 104 (86.66%) cases from rural area whereas only 16 (13.33%) cases came from urban area. Conclusions: In this study, the most common causes of maternal near misses were haemorrhage (48.33%), hypertension (20%), severe anaemia (13.33%), sepsis (10%), cardiac dysfunction (3.33%), renal dysfunction (0.83%), respiratory dysfunction (0.83%) and liver dysfunction (0.83%)

Incidence of anemia in pregnancy and its maternal-fetal outcome in admitted ANC patients in tertiary care center, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is an important public health problem in developing countries like India. Anemia results in poor pregnancy outcome and also affects fetal outcome. The present study was conducted to asses maternal and fetal outcome in relation anemia. Aim and objectives of the study was to determine incidence, risk factors and maternal-fetal outcome of anemia in the admitted pregnant women attending obstetrics and gyanecology department, shanakarcharya institute of medical sciences, Bhilai.Methods: This is retrospective observational study conducted among pregnant women admitted in labor room over a period of one year after getting approval from the institutional ethical committee.Results: Out of total 1503 delivery during study period 675 patients were found to be anaemic which gives incidence of 44.5%. Most the pregnant women were moderately anaemic i.e. 50.96% followed by mild (45.04%) and severe (4%) repectively. Among the pregnant women most common type of anaemia is Iron deficiency anaemia (69.65%) followed by Sickle cell anaemia (15.4%). In the present study,90.4% of subject received oral iron, 26.9% received parenteral iron and 19.4% received blood transfusion. Common maternal outcome related to anemia found to be low birth weight (25.2%) followed by premature delivery (22.96%) and fetal outcome in anemic mother in the form of preterm (22.9%) followed by NICU admission (14.37%) and FGR (8.6%).Conclusions: Anemia being one of the most important cause of poor feto maternal outcome should be treated preconceptionaly. There is a need of health education programmes and adequate intake of iron rich diet during pregnancy, to be strengthened for safe maternal and foetal outcomes

Re-emergent Tongue Tremor in Neuroleptic Induced Parkinsonism

Background: A re-emergent tremor is suggested to be specific to Parkinson’s disease and although a tongue tremor has been reported in levosulpiride-induced parkinsonism (LIP), re-emergence has never been reported. Case Report: A 59-year-old female presented with a 3-month history of bradykinesia, 2-week history of right-leg tremor, and 10-day history of lip and tongue tremor. A review of the medication revealed a 15-month history of levosulpiride consumption. On examination, asymmetric bradykinesia, rigidity, rest tremor of the right leg, and re-emergent tongue tremor were observed. The parkinsonism subsided after levosulpiride was stopped. Discussion: This is the first report of re-emergent tongue tremor in LIP

Oxidative Cleavage of Alpha Amino Acids ℓ–Glycine and ℓ–Valine By1,3-Dichloro-5,5-Dimethylhydantoin in Medium of Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium

Abstract: 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DCDMH) hydrolysed of this compounds leads to the formation of active positive halogen species like HOCl and H2O+Cl. The H2O+Cl in non-polar or less polar media, extensively used as a chlorinating and oxidizing agents in organic substrate. The rate of reaction is enhanced by the increasing [H+] and percentage of acetic acid. The main product of the oxidation is corresponding aldehydes. The thermodynamic parameters for the oxidation have been computed in the show step mechanism. The observed rate law was in good conformity with the mechanism

Effect of Oxidant 1, 3-Dichloro-5-5-Dimethylhydantoin and 5, 5-Dimethylhydantoin with Different Substrates: The Kinetic Measurements

The kinetic measurement with different concentration of oxidant 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin and 5,5-dimethylhydantoin with ℓ–alanine,  ℓ-glycine and ℓ–valine. The catalytic effect of acid in the reaction rate reveal an interaction between oxidants species H2O+Cl and substrates. The observed order of reactivity of ℓ-amino acids (ℓ-glycine > ℓ–alanine > ℓ-valine) was explained on the basis of hydrolysis of reacting species