Analytic Model Of Electron Self-Injection In A Plasma Wakefield Accelerator In The Strongly Nonlinear Bubble Regime

Self-injection of background electrons in plasma wakefield accelerators in the highly nonlinear bubble regime is analyzed using particle-in-cell and semi-analytic modeling. It is shown that the return current in the bubble sheath layer is crucial for accurate determination of the trapped particle trajectories.Physic

Monoenergetic Acceleration Of A Target Foil By Circularly Polarized Laser Pulse In Rpa Regime Without Thermal Heating

A kinetic model of the monoenergetic acceleration of a target foil irradiated by the circularly polarized laser pulse is developed. The target moves without thermal heating with constant acceleration which is provided by chirping the frequency of the laser pulse and correspondingly increasing its intensity. In the accelerated reference frame, bulk plasma in the target is neutral and its parameters are stationery: cold ions are immobile while nonrelativistic electrons bounce back and forth inside the potential well formed by ponderomotive and electrostatic potentials. It is shown that a positive charge left behind of the moving target in the ion tail and a negative charge in front of the target in the electron sheath form a capacitor whose constant electric field accelerates the ions of the target. The charge separation is maintained by the radiation pressure pushing electrons forward. The scalings of the target thickness and electromagnetic radiation with the electron temperature are found.Physic

Interplay of bulk and interface effects in the electric-field driven transition in magnetite

Contact effects in devices incorporating strongly-correlated electronic materials are comparatively unexplored. We have investigated the electrically-driven phase transition in magnetite (100) thin films by four-terminal methods. In the lateral configuration, the channel length is less than 2 $\mu$m, and voltage-probe wires $\sim$100 nm in width are directly patterned within the channel. Multilead measurements quantitatively separate the contributions of each electrode interface and the magnetite channel. We demonstrate that on the onset of the transition contact resistances at both source and drain electrodes and the resistance of magnetite channel decrease abruptly. Temperature dependent electrical measurements below the Verwey temperature indicate thermally activated transport over the charge gap. The behavior of the magnetite system at a transition point is consistent with a theoretically predicted transition mechanism of charge gap closure by electric field.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, to appear in PR

Guiding, focusing, and sensing on the sub-wavelength scale using metallic wire arrays

We show that two-dimensional arrays of thin metallic wires can guide transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waves and focus them to the spatial dimensions much smaller that the vacuum wavelength. This guiding property is retained for the tapered wire bundles which can be used as multi-channel TEM endoscopes: they capture a detailed electromagnetic field profile created by deeply sub-wavelength features of the studied sample and magnify it for observation. The resulting imaging method is superior to the conventional scanning microscopy because of the parallel nature of the image acquisition by multiple metal wires. Possible applications include terahertz and mid-infrared endoscopy with nanoscale resolution.Comment: 3 figure

Nanogaps with very large aspect ratios for electrical measurements

For nanoscale electrical characterization and device fabrication it is often desirable to fabricate planar metal electrodes separated by large aspect ratio gaps with interelectrode distances well below 100 nm. We demonstrate a self-aligned process to accomplish this goal using a thin Cr film as a sacrificial etch layer. The resulting gaps can be as small as 10 nm and have aspect ratios exceeding 1000, with excellent interelectrode isolation. Such Ti/Au electrodes are demonstrated on Si substrates and are used to examine a voltage-driven transition in magnetite nanostructures. This shows the utility of this fabrication approach even with relatively reactive substrates.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Attraction And Repulsion Of Multi-Color Laser Beams In Plasmas: A Computational Study

The nonlinear interaction of high-power multi-color laser beams in plasmas is investigated numerically. Both the relativistic mass increase and the driven plasma wave contribute to the mutual beam-beam interaction and to the development of the electromagnetic cascade. The propagation of the individual cascade sidebands is modelled in the paraxial approximation. The resulting set of coupled nonlinear envelope equations is solved numerically using a newly developed pseudospectral method. We predict that two beams intersecting in the plasma can either attract or deflect each other depending on whether their frequency detuning is slightly below or above the electron Langmuir frequency.Physic