Systemacity and categorization in functioning of verbs

The article focuses on the issues of systemacity in language, the category of causation, functioning of causatives of the informative-modificative class. In this article, the causation is examined from the perspective of functional approach, suggested by A. Bondarko. A verb of causative semantics is related to a more general class on the basis of its essential properties. In the centre of our attention is a lexical causative of interpersonal semantics which is the core of the functional-semantic field of causationyesBelgorod State National Research Universit

Supramolecular Assembly of Metal-Organic Tubes Constructed from the Ditopic Heteroscorpionate Ligand (4-NH\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eC\u3csub\u3e6\u3c/sub\u3eH\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3e)CHpz\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e (pz = Pyrazol-1-yl) and Silver(I)

The possibility of constructing tubular metal-organic structures with aid of weak hydrogen-bonding interactions between suitably designed metallacycles was explored. For this purpose, the new heteroditopic ligand (4-NH2C6H4)CHpz2 (L1) was prepared in good (75 %) yield by a one-pot procedure starting from commercial 4-acetamidobenzaldehyde. The equimolar reactions between L1 and various silver(I) salts gave the intended 1:1 complexes in which the metallacycles were assembled into tubes. However, the exact nature of the assemblies (including their solvate compositions) varied depending on anion, solvent, and concentration of the original crystallization solution. For the trifluoromethanesulfonate anion, a hexameric structure was observed, whereas cyclic dimers were obtained for other anions. In the case of PF6–, an unusual, opened-cycle structure with the composition [(L1)Ag(μ-L1)Ag(CH3CN)2]2+ was also identified crystallographically. The capacity for desolvated tubular structures to be used for gas adsorption was also investigated

Comparative Analysis of Peculiarities of Thinking of Urban and Rural Schoolchildren

The results of the comparative analysis of the peculiarities of thinking of urban and rural schoolchildren of primary and senior levels of education are presented. In order to identify differences in the levels of formation of individual characteristics of thinking linked, inter alia, with the characteristics of social, physical and physiological development of students in urban and rural schools, a number of works were studied on the comparison of functional indicators of hemodynamics, psycho-emotional stability, verbal and logical thinking and characteristics of educational and cognitive activity among urban and rural schoolchildren. The results of the interpretation of the data obtained during the experiment conducted by the authors (54 respondents, 27 rural and urban high school students) are presented. It is concluded that rural pupils are characterized by higher level of development of abilities and qualities of the personality, providing them successful performance of the main types of mathematical activity: low level of psychoemotional tension, qualitative analysis of visual and visually-spatial information, logical conclusions, generalization of information, interest in the correct solution of a problem, etc. In the future, it is expected to find out possible reasons for “lagging” of urban schoolchildren from rural ones in terms of individual indicators of formation of mathematical thinking operations

Maternal incompatibilities with fetal human platelet alloantigens -1a, -1b and -15 are the main causes of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia in Russia

The aim. Mechanisms underlying the development of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) in in Russia have been studied. Materials and methods. Genetic polymorphisms of human platelet alloantigens (HPA) -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, and -15 were evaluated in 27 families having the newborns with NAIT. NAIT was diagnosed according to the following criteria: (1) newborn with thrombocytopenia; (2) mother with no thrombocytopenia and no increase of platelet associated IgG, (3) presence of antibodies reacting with paternal platelets in maternal plasma / serum. HPA genotyping revealed incompatibilities in 23 out of 27 tested families. In these 23 families HPA-1 conflicts were detected in 16 ones (70%). In 8 cases mothers were homozygous carriers of rare HPA-1b allele and in another 8 cases - of HPA-1a allele which cased incompatibilities with fetal HPA-1a and HPA-1b respectively. In 5 out of 23 families (22%) there were incompatibilities with fetal HPA-15 (HPA-15a, n=2 and HPA-15b, n=3), in 1 family - with HPA-5b (4%), and in 1 family - with HPA-3b (4%) alloantigens. In conclusion the main causes of NAIT in Russia were HPA-1a and -1b conflicts and HPA-15 conflicts were the second frequent ones

Observation of Cosmic Gamma Ray Bursts in the Experiments Onboard Lomonosov and Vernov Satellites

Abstract: The study of cosmic gamma ray bursts (GRBs) is one of the main goals of the Lomonosov space mission. The main advantage of this mission is simultaneous multiwavelength observations of GRBs covering the optical, X-ray and gamma-ray ranges. The mission payload includes the GRB monitor BDRG, wide-field optical cameras SHOK, and the UFFO instrument. Data are recorded mainly by the event trigger provided by the BDRG instrument, which measures the spectral and temporal properties of the burst in the energy range 10–3000 keV. The BDRG instrument also provides estimation of the source coordinates by comparing the readings of three differently directed detectors with an accuracy of several degrees. Wide-field SHOK optical cameras have a field of view of ~20° × 40°. They fix a set of images with a frequency of about five frames per second prior to the trigger and another set immediately after the trigger. The UFFO instrument includes the UBAT telescope with a coded mask for measurements in hard X-ray and soft gamma-ray ranges and an optical telescope with a slewing mirror (SMT) that can be directed on the GRB source for a time ~1 s for measuring GRB prompt emission in the early stages. In response to an BDRG trigger signal, the real-time data on a detected GRB are transmitted to the Earth via Globalstar network to the Gamma-ray Coordinates Network (GCN) and ground-based observatories. During observations on the Lomonosov satellite, 20 gamma-ray bursts were detected and catalogued. Several gamma-ray bursts were also detected in the Vernov satellite experiment. An example of such an event is given.Financial support for this work was provided by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, project no RFMEFI60717X0175

Molecular identification of Newcastle disease virus isolated on the poultry farm of the Moscow Oblast in summer of 2022

In August 2022, a sudden death in backyard chickens was reported in the Moscow Oblast (urban district Chernogolovka, settlement Starki). As a result, within just a few days 45 chickens on this farm died or fell ill with the following signs – gray mucus discharge from nostrils and beak, coughing, gasping and rales. On day 1–3 after the onset of symptoms, the chicken died. The Newcastle disease virus, which is a representative of the Paramyxoviruses family, was isolated from the dead poultry. We determined the nucleotide sequences of fragments in F gene (encodes the fusion surface protein) and in NP gene (encodes the nucleocapsid protein). The motif of 109SGGRRQKRFIG119 proteolysis site, typical for the velogenic pathotype, was determined for the F gene, and a phylogenetic analysis was carried out to demonstrate that the isolate belonged to Subgenotype VII, Class II of the subfamily Avulavirinae. The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool revealed that they are most genetically related with isolates from Iran. It was found that the average death time of developing chicken embryos, infected with a minimum infectious dose, was 52 hours, which is typical for the velogenic pathotype. The virus caused 100% death in six-week-old chickens after oral infection and 100% death in all contact chickens, including those kept in cages at a distance, which proves the high level of pathogenicity and contagiousness of the recovered isolate and its ability to transmit both via fecal-oral and aerosols–borne routes. No death cases were reported in mice after intranasal infection with high doses

Ретикулярные тромбоциты – новый фактор риска атеротромбоза?

In this review we described the properties of reticulated platelets (RP) and showed how variations of their content might influence platelet activity, efficacy of antiplatelet drugs and the rate of thrombotic events in patients with cardiovascular diseases. RP represent a minor platelet fraction containing residual RNA from megakaryocytes. Platelets have no nucleus and do not synthesize RNA de novo, and RNA of megakaryocytic origin is destroyed during their circulation. That is why only recently produced “young” platelets contain RNA. In healthy donors RP are identified by staining with the RNA specific fluorescent dyes by flow cytofluorimetry or using standard protocols in modern flow haematological analyzers. RP content in blood reflects the level of thrombocytopoesis in the bone marrow. RP on average amounted from 3 to 10% of all platelets in the circulation depending on the method applied for their determination. RP absolute amount and/or their percentage is changed in haematological diseases associated with the alterations of megakaryocyte productive properties. RT measurements in patients with cardiovascular diseases have shown that their content is increased in acute coronary syndrome patients. RP are larger and functionally more active in comparison with not reticulated forms. They more frequently incorporate into the platelet aggregates and contain more intracellular granules. Increase of RT content in the circulation correlates with the increase of the average size and functional activity in the whole platelet population. High RP content in patients with cardiovascular diseases reduces antiaggregative effects of aspirin and P2Y12 APD receptor antagonists and increases the risk of atherothrombotic events.В обзоре рассмотрены свойства ретикулярных тромбоцитов (РТ) и показано, как как вариации их содержания могут влиять на активность тромбоцитов, действие антитромбоцитарных препаратов и частоту тромбозов у больных сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями (ССЗ). РТ представляют собой минорную фракцию тромбоцитов, содержащих остаточную РНК из мегакариоцитов. Тромбоциты не имеют ядра и не синтезируют РНК de novo, а РНК мегакариоцитарного происхождения разрушается в процессе их циркуляции в кровотоке. В связи с этим РНК содержит только недавно образовавшиеся, «молодые» тромбоциты. РТ определяют по окраске РНК специфическими флуоресцентными красителями с помощью проточной цитофлуориметрии или используя стандартные протоколы в современных проточных гематологических анализаторах. Содержание в крови РТ отражает уровень тромбоцитопоэза в костном мозге. У здоровых лиц, в зависимости от способа определения, РТ составляют в среднем от 3 до 10% всех циркулирующих тромбоцитов. Абсолютное количество и/или процентное содержание РТ изменяется при гематологических патологиях, ассоциированных с изменениями продуктивных свойств мегакариоцитов. Измерения РТ у больных с ССЗ показали, что их содержание повышено у больных с острым коронарным синдромом. РТ крупнее и функционально более активны, чем неретикулярные формы. Они чаще включаются в состав агрегатов и содержат больше внутриклеточных гранул. Увеличение количества РТ в кровотоке коррелирует с увеличением среднего размера и функциональной активности в общей популяции тромбоцитов. Повышенное содержание РТ у больных с ССЗ снижает антиагрегационное действие аспирина и антагонистов P2Y12 рецепторов АДФ и увеличивает риск атеротромботических событий

Роль вегетативной нервной системы в развитии гипотонусной дисфонии

Background. Hypotonic dysphonia occupies a special place in the structure of functional dysphonia in terms of prevalence. At the same time, the autonomic nervous system has a significant impact on the course and outcome of the disease. However, data on the neurovegetative status of patients with hypotonic dysphonia in the scientific literature are extremely rare and do not fully reflect its features.Aim. To determine the neurovegetative status of laryngological patients with hypotonic dysphonia.Materials and methods. 26 patients (6 men and 20 women) with hypotonic dysphonia and hypersensitivity of the larynx (main group) and 45 patients (13 men and 32 women) with hypersensitivity of the larynx without signs of dysphonia (comparison group) were examined as a control, data on the functional state of the autonomic nervous system in 20 practically healthy people (5 men and 15 women) aged 18 to 25 years were used. The state of vegetative parameters – vegetative tone, vegetative reactivity and vegetative activity support – were evaluated using the medical diagnostic complex “Valenta”. The examination of patients included anamnestic analysis, objective examination of lororgans according to generally accepted methods and video stroboscopy of the larynx.Results. The differences between healthy and sick people regarding neurovegetative indicators are obvious, unidirectional and indicate the existence of autonomic disorders in both groups of patients. The ratios of vegetative parameters recorded during the study indicate the involvement of autonomic nervous system not only in the development of laryngeal hypersensitivity, but also in the pathogenesis of functional dysphonia of the hypotonic type.Conclusion. Thus, neurovegetative disorders – vegetative dystonia and autonomic dysfunction – are one of the factors of the pathogenesis of hypotonic dysphonia.Введение. Гипотонусная дисфония в структуре функциональных дисфоний занимает особое место по распространенности. При этом существенное влияние на течение и исход заболевания оказывает вегетативная нервная система. Однако данные о нейровегетативном статусе больных с гипотонусной дисфонией в научной литературе встречаются крайне редко и не полностью отражают его особенности.Цель исследования – определить нейровегетативный статус ларингологических больных при гипотонусной дисфонии.Материалы и методы. Обследовано 26 пациентов (6 мужчин и 20 женщин) с гипотонусной дисфонией и повышенной чувствительностью гортани (основная группа) и 45 пациентов (13 мужчин и 32 женщины) с повышенной чувствительностью гортани без признаков дисфонии (группа сравнения). В качестве контроля использовали данные о функциональном состоянии вегетативной нервной системы у 20 здоровых людей (5 мужчин и 15 женщин) в возрасте от 18 до 25 лет. Состояние вегетативных параметров – вегетативный тонус, вегетативную реактивность и вегетативное обеспечение деятельности – оценивали с помощью медицинского диагностического комплекса «Валента». Обследование больных включало анамнестический анализ, объективное исследование ЛОР-органов по общепринятым методикам и видеостробоскопию гортани. Результаты. Различия в нейровегетативных показателях между здоровыми и больными людьми очевидны, однонаправленны и указывают на развитие вегетативных нарушений в обеих группах больных. Соотношения вегетативных параметров, зафиксированные в ходе исследования, свидетельствуют об участии вегетативной нервной системы не только в развитии гиперчувствительности гортани, но и в патогенезе функциональной дисфонии по гипотонусному типу.Выводы. Таким образом, нейровегетативные расстройства – вегетативная дистония и вегетативная дисфункция – являются одним из факторов патогенеза гипотонусной дисфонии