A novel DCL2-dependent miRNA pathway in tomato affects susceptibility to RNA viruses.

Tomato Dicer-like2 (slDCL2) is a key component of resistance pathways against potato virus X (PVX) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). It is also required for production of endogenous small RNAs, including miR6026 and other noncanonical microRNAs (miRNAs). The slDCL2 mRNAs are targets of these slDCL2-dependent RNAs in a feedback loop that was disrupted by target mimic RNAs of miR6026. In lines expressing these RNAs, there was correspondingly enhanced resistance against PVX and TMV. These findings illustrate a novel miRNA pathway in plants and a crop protection strategy in which miRNA target mimicry elevates expression of defense-related mRNAs

Chance-constrained optimal dispatch of integrated electricity and natural gas systems considering medium and long-term electricity transactions

A novel stochastic optimal dispatch model considering medium and long-term electricity transaction for a wind power integrated energy system by using chance constrained programming is proposed. The electricity contract decomposition problem is introduced into the day-ahead optimal dispatch plan formulation progress. Considering the case that decomposition results may be not executable in the dispatch plan, a coordinated optimization strategy based on Lagrange multiplier is proposed to locate the infeasible factors and eliminate the non executable electric quantity. At the same time, the uncertainties and correlation of wind power are considered in the dispatch model, and the original stochastic dispatch problem is transformed into a mixed integer second-order cone programming problem based on second-order cone relaxation and deterministic transformation of chance constraints. Case study results demonstrate the validity of the proposed metho

Novel virus discovery and genome reconstruction from field RNA samples reveals highly divergent viruses in dipteran hosts.

We investigated whether small RNA (sRNA) sequenced from field-collected mosquitoes and chironomids (Diptera) can be used as a proxy signature of viral prevalence within a range of species and viral groups, using sRNAs sequenced from wild-caught specimens, to inform total RNA deep sequencing of samples of particular interest. Using this strategy, we sequenced from adult Anopheles maculipennis s.l. mosquitoes the apparently nearly complete genome of one previously undescribed virus related to chronic bee paralysis virus, and, from a pool of Ochlerotatus caspius and Oc. detritus mosquitoes, a nearly complete entomobirnavirus genome. We also reconstructed long sequences (1503-6557 nt) related to at least nine other viruses. Crucially, several of the sequences detected were reconstructed from host organisms highly divergent from those in which related viruses have been previously isolated or discovered. It is clear that viral transmission and maintenance cycles in nature are likely to be significantly more complex and taxonomically diverse than previously expected

Economic planning of electric vehicle charging stations considering traffic constraints and load profile templates

This paper develops a novel solution to integrate electric vehicles and optimally determine the siting and sizing of charging stations (CSs), considering the interactions between power and transportation industries. Firstly, the origin–destination (OD) traffic flow data is optimally assigned to the transportation network, which is then utilized to determine the capacity of charging stations. Secondly, the charging demand of charging infrastructures is integrated into a cost-based model to evaluate the economics of candidate plans. Furthermore, load capability constraints are proposed to evaluate whether the candidate CSs deployment and tie line plans could be adopted. Different scenarios generated by load profile templates are innovatively integrated into the economic planning model to deal with uncertain operational states. The models and framework are demonstrated and verified by a test case, which offers a perspective for effectively realizing optimal planning of the CSs considering the constraints from both transportation and distribution networks.</p

Impact of Utility-Scale Energy Storage Systems on Power System Transient Stability Considering Operating Uncertainties

With the improvement in energy storage and power electronic control technologies, utility-scale energy storage systems (ESS) have been increasingly deployed in today's power systems and have shown great potential in providing ancillary services. This paper investigates the impact of ESSs on power system transient stability in the context of uncertainties from renewable generation and demand-side activities. The transient behavior of ESSs with varying battery charging/discharging characteristics is first investigated, and trajectory sensitivity analysis is then performed to quantify the sensitivity of ESS parameters on post-disturbance rotor angle development. The case study was performed on a wind-penetrated power system with industrial-grade dynamic BESS models.</p

Novel virus discovery and genome reconstruction from field RNA samples reveals highly divergent viruses in dipteran hosts.

We investigated whether small RNA (sRNA) sequenced from field-collected mosquitoes and chironomids (Diptera) can be used as a proxy signature of viral prevalence within a range of species and viral groups, using sRNAs sequenced from wild-caught specimens, to inform total RNA deep sequencing of samples of particular interest. Using this strategy, we sequenced from adult Anopheles maculipennis s.l. mosquitoes the apparently nearly complete genome of one previously undescribed virus related to chronic bee paralysis virus, and, from a pool of Ochlerotatus caspius and Oc. detritus mosquitoes, a nearly complete entomobirnavirus genome. We also reconstructed long sequences (1503-6557 nt) related to at least nine other viruses. Crucially, several of the sequences detected were reconstructed from host organisms highly divergent from those in which related viruses have been previously isolated or discovered. It is clear that viral transmission and maintenance cycles in nature are likely to be significantly more complex and taxonomically diverse than previously expected

Common nucleotide polymorphisms observed in AACV and CAZV assemblies.

<p>Only nucleotide variations with a frequency in the mapped reads of at least 20% of the most common nucleotide present at that position are shown. The nucleotide present in the chosen reference assembly is shown first.</p

CBPV and AACV 5' and 3' UTR sequences.

<p>Initiation and termination codons are highlighted in green and red respectively. CBPV and AACV sequences share common 5' and 3' motifs. GxGGGAA (blue-grey), AUAAGUC (orange) and other motifs are present in the 3' UTR of both RNA1 and RNA2 of both viruses, whereas a GU...AAACxU motif (salmon) is present at the 5' end of CBPV RNA1 and RNA2 and AACV RNA2. The absence of this motif at the 5' end of the AACV RNA1 sequence suggests that this sequence is incomplete (see text).</p

Codon usage statistics for the RdRp ORFs in the narnavirus-like contigs KF298275 and KF298276.

<p>In-frame forward read-direction stop codons (red) are necessarily absent. Reverse complements of in-frame but reverse read-direction stop codons are highlighted in orange; a single UUA codon corresponds to the UAA stop codon of the >1000-codon reverse-read-direction ORF in KF298276.</p