An Analysis on Syntactic and Semantic Factors Found in Newspaper Headlines

As a type of media text, newspaper has an important role in human\u27s life because it presents various local, national and International information and events. In order to attract readers\u27 attention, journalists make the headlines as ambiguous and confusing as possible so that readers are curious to know the content of the whole story and they would read it. Moreover, in presenting the information or events, different reporters will have different linguistic choices which include the choice of words and expressions and different linguistic structures. Thus, this paper analyzes how the different linguistic choices and structures used in the headlines of The Jakarta Post and Indonesian Daily News would construct different linguistic representations of events in the world

Numerical Study on Droplet Sliding across Micropillars

Droplet sliding on surfaces is an important phenomenon since it widely happens in microfluidic industry. In this article, we simulate droplets sliding across micropillars on smooth substrates to test how the pillars with different intrinsic wettability influence the movement of droplets. The simulation is performed using a particle-based numerical method, many-body dissipative particle dynamics (MDPD). The simulated results show that the heterogeneous area (built by arranged micropillars) can influence the dynamical contact angles significantly. Both the advancing and receding contact angles increase when the droplet front slides on the heterogeneous area, and their difference is also enlarged, thus the contact line may be pinned. The droplet shows a creeping motion style when its front climbs over each pillar. We also find when the droplet enwraps all pillars, the composite liquid/solid surfaces have no effect on the advancing and receding contact angles. The outcomes support the viewpoint that the wettability is a contact-line-based problem instead of a contact-area-based one

Covariance Matrix Estimation for High-Throughput Biomedical Data with Interconnected Communities

Estimating a covariance matrix is central to high-dimensional data analysis. Empirical analyses of high-dimensional biomedical data, including genomics, proteomics, microbiome, and neuroimaging, among others, consistently reveal strong modularity in the dependence patterns. In these analyses, intercorrelated high-dimensional biomedical features often form communities or modules that can be interconnected with others. While the interconnected community structure has been extensively studied in biomedical research (e.g., gene co-expression networks), its potential to assist in the estimation of covariance matrices remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, we propose a procedure that leverages the commonly observed interconnected community structure in high-dimensional biomedical data to estimate large covariance and precision matrices. We derive the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators for covariance and precision matrices in closed forms and provide theoretical results on their asymptotic properties. Our proposed method enhances the accuracy of covariance- and precision-matrix estimation and demonstrates superior performance compared to the competing methods in both simulations and real data analyses.</p

Hybrid Cross-Linking to Construct Functional Elastomers

ConspectusElastomers have been extensively used in diverse industrial sectors such as footwear, seals, tires, and cable jacketing and have attracted more and more attention in emerging fields such as regenerative medicine, soft robotics, and stretchable electronics. Global consumption of natural and synthetic elastomers amounted to nearly 27 million metric tons in 2020. In addition, to further enhance the common properties of elastomers, it is highly desired to endow elastomers with functionalities such as reprocessability, biomimetic mechanical properties, self-healing ability, bioactivity, and electrical conductivity, which will significantly broaden their applications. The covalent or noncovalent cross-linked structure is the essential factor for the elasticity of elastomers. Traditional elastomers usually comprise a single type of cross-linked molecular network, for which it is difficult to modulate the properties and introduce functionalities. Inspired by the simultaneous existence of multiple cross-linked structures in proteins, researchers have employed a hybrid cross-linking strategy to construct elastomers. Various noncovalent interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonds, metal–ligand coordination, ionic interactions, and chain folding) and dynamic covalent bonds (e.g., disulfide bonds, oxime–urethane bonds, and urea bonds) have been integrated in elastomers. Accordingly, the properties and functionalities of elastomers can be tuned by regulating the types, ratios, and distributions of cross-links. The hybrid cross-linking strategy provides a versatile and effective way to construct diverse functional elastomers for broad applications in various important fields.In this Account, we present our recent progress on functional elastomers constructed by a hybrid cross-linking strategy, including their design, preparation, properties, and diverse applications. First, we provide a brief introduction of the basic concept of functional elastomers and outline general strategies and mechanics for functional elastomers constructed by hybrid cross-linking. Then, we classify hybrid cross-linked elastomers by their design strategies, including multiple cross-linking, topological design, chemical coupling, and multiple networks. The relationships between the functionalities and hybrid cross-linked structures are summarized. At the same time, we also introduce diverse applications of these hybrid cross-linked elastomers in biomedicine, flexible electronics, soft robotics, 3D printing, and so on. Finally, we discuss our perspective on open challenges and future development trends of this rapidly evolving field. This Account highlighting the diverse hybrid cross-linked elastomers not only provides insights into strategies for elastomer functionalization but also provides new ideas for material design and inspires a variety of new applications

Highly Permeable Thin-Film Composite Forward Osmosis Membrane Based on Carbon Nanotube Hollow Fiber Scaffold with Electrically Enhanced Fouling Resistance

Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging approach in water treatment, but its application is restricted by severe internal concentration polarization (ICP) and low flux. In this work, a self-sustained carbon nanotube hollow fiber scaffold supported polyamide thin film composite (CNT TFC-FO) membrane was first proposed with high porosity, good hydrophilicity and excellent electro-conductivity. It showed a specific structure parameter as low as 126 μm, suggesting its weakened ICP. Against a pure water feed using 2.0 M NaCl draw solution, its fluxes were 4.7 and 3.6 times as high as those of the commercial cellulose triacetate TFC-FO membrane in the FO and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) modes, respectively. Meanwhile, the membrane showed excellent electrically assisted resistance to organic and microbial fouling. Its flux was improved by about 50% during oil–water simulation separation under 2.0 V voltage. These results indicate that the CNT TFC-FO membrane opens up a frontier for stably and effectively recycling potable water from electrochemical FO process

Analysis of NHE1 localization.

<p><b>A, Localization of wild type and mutant NHE1 proteins in AP1 cells.</b> Wild type (full length) and mutant NHE1 proteins were expressed in AP1 cells and examined for localization using antibodies against the HA-tag present on each protein. Left column shows the staining for NHE1 protein of the wild type or mutant NHE1 protein. Centre column shows DAPI staining and the right column shows merger of the two images. <b>B, Effect of co-expression of wild type and mutant NHE1 proteins on protein targeting.</b> All experiments in this Fig were using CHO cells which posses their own, endogenous NHE1 protein. <b>DAPI</b>, column 1, DAPI staining. <b>NHE1</b>, column 2, staining with monoclonal anti NHE1 antibody against the distal end of the C-terminal tail. Second antibody was coupled to Alex 488. <b>HA-tag</b>, column 3, staining with polyclonal antibody against the HA-tag present on NHE1 proteins transfected into cells. Second antibody was coupled to Alexa 647. <b>Merge</b>, column 4, merger of columns 1–3. <b>Endogenous NHE1</b>, row 1, CHO cells were not transfected with plasmid expressing NHE1 protein but possess their own endogenous NHE1 protein. <b>735</b>, row 2, CHO cells containing their own endogenous NHE1 protein, were transfected with the 735-NHE1 protein. <b>321</b>, row 3, CHO cells containing their own endogenous NHE1 protein, were transfected with the 321-NHE1 protein.</p

Analysis of Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger activity of wild type (WT) and mutant NHE1 proteins in AP1 cells.

<p>Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger activity was assayed in stably transfected AP1 cells grown on coverslips as described above. <b>A</b>, Example of NHE1 activity of AP1 cells containing stably transfected wild type NHE1 and NHE1 mutant proteins. For clarity, only the recovery from ammonium chloride induced acidosis is shown for the mutant NHE1 proteins. NH₄Cl, treatment with ammonium chloride. To induce acidosis following NH₄Cl treatment there is a brief “Na Free” treatment. NaCl, = recovery period from acidosis in NaCl containing buffer. <b>B,</b> Summary of activity of WT and mutant (321, 449, 543 and 735 as indicated) NHE1 proteins in stably transfected AP1 cells. The NHE1 activity was measured after an ammonium chloride prepulse as illustrated in “A”. The initial rate of recovery in NaCl-containing medium was measured as ΔpH/s. Mutants activity are presented relative to that of the wild type protein, which was set at 100%. * indicates significantly different from wild type *P < 0.0001, n>8. The mean value of the wild type NHE1 activity was 0.026 <b>Δ</b>pH/s. <b>C</b>, Summary of Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger activity of NHE1-735 protein in comparison to wild type NHE1 protein. The 735-NHE1protein activity is displayed as a percent of the wild type (WT). 735c is the activity of the 735-NHE1 protein that has been corrected to the expression levels and surface targeting of the wild type NHE1 protein *P < 0.05, ⁺P < 0.01, n>8. <b>D</b>, Resting pH_i of wild type and 735-NHE1 protein containing cells at various times prior to and during ammonium chloride induced acidosis. pHrest, resting pHi prior to treatment with ammonium chloride; pHinitial, initial pH_i after ammonium chloride treatment and prior to recovery in sodium containing medium; pHfinal, final pH_i 3 minutes after recovery from ammonium chloride in sodium containing medium. n>8, ***P < 0.001. <b>E</b>, Characterization of Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger activity of wild type and 735-NHE1protein over different intracellular pHs (pH_i). Cells containing wild type or 735-NHE1 protein were acidified to different levels by addition of varying amounts of ammonium chloride as described in the “Materials and Methods”. The initial rate of recovery was measured and recorded and <b>Δ</b> pH/s.</p

Improvement of Water-, Sulfur Dioxide-, and Dust-Resistance in Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO_<i>x</i> with NH₃ Using a Wire-Mesh Honeycomb Catalyst

A novel V₂O₅/WO₃/TiO₂/Al₂O₃/wire-mesh honeycomb (WMH) catalyst was prepared for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_<i>x</i> with NH₃. The resistances to H₂O, SO₂, and dust were investigated for the WMH catalyst, which were compared with those for ceramic honeycomb (CH) catalysts. The results showed that the WMH catalyst kept above 95% NO_<i>x</i> conversion in the broad temperature window (250–425 °C) and provided nearly 92% NO_<i>x</i> conversion during H₂O and SO₂ durability test, which might be attributed to the unique three-dimensional structure. Furthermore, the WMH catalyst could provide nearly 90% NO_<i>x</i> conversion during 40 h dust exposure experiment owing to the little dust deposition of 2.9 g/m², whereas the amount of dust deposited on the CH catalyst with the same cell density reached 6.7 g/m², which resulted in a decrease of the NO_<i>x</i> conversion from 72% to 58%

Wild type (WT) NHE1 protein expression and characterization.

<p><b>A</b>, Model of the NHE1 protein within the plasma membrane [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0162902#pone.0162902.ref018" target="_blank">18</a>]. The approximate position of the shortened NHE1 proteins is indicated in red. B, Western blot of whole cell lysates of stably transfected cell lines. Mutants are with NHE1 protein terminated at amino acid, 321, 449, 543 and 735 as indicated. AP1 indicates mock transfected AP1 cells. Right arrows indicate the HA immunoreactive band of the 735, 543, 449 and 321 proteins. Right arrow with asterisk indicates non-specific immunoreactive band present in all cell lysates. Left arrow indicates HA immunoreactive band of WT NHE1 protein. <b>C</b>, Western blot of whole cell lysates of transiently transfected AP1 cells. Mutants are with NHE1 protein sequence terminated at amino acid, 321, 449, 543 and 735 as indicated. Right arrows indicate the HA immunoreactive bands as above. Left arrow with asterisk indicates non-specific immunoreactive band present in all cell lysates. <b>D</b>, Summary of levels of expression of stably expressed NHE1 protein in AP1 cells. Numbers are percent of the expression levels of mutants in comparison to wild type protein, mean ± S.E. n = at least 3 determinations.</p

Enhancement of Catalytic Activity Over the Iron-Modified Ce/TiO₂ Catalyst for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO_<i>x</i> with Ammonia

A series of iron-modified Ce/TiO₂ catalysts with different Fe/Ti molar ratios were prepared by an impregnation method and used for selective catalytic reaction (SCR) of NO_<i>x</i> with NH₃. The Fe–Ce/TiO₂ catalyst with a Fe/Ti molar ratio of 0.2 had good low-temperature activity and sulfur-poisoning resistance compared with the Ce/TiO₂ catalyst. The introduction of Fe could increase the amount of Ce³⁺ and chemisorbed oxygen species on the catalyst surface and thereafter generate more ionic NH₄⁺ and in situ formed NO₂, respectively. In addition, the dispersion of cerium oxide could be improved by the addition of iron, and no visible phase of iron oxide could be observed at low Fe/Ti molar ratios (≤0.2). All of these factors played significant roles in the enhanced catalytic activity, especially the low-temperature activity. Furthermore, mechanisms of the SCR reaction and the SO₂ poisoning of the Fe(0.2)–Ce/TiO₂ catalyst were studied using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Coordinated NH₃ and ionic NH₄⁺ species as well as adsorbed NO₂ might be the key intermediates in the SCR reaction in the relatively low-temperature range. The formation of ammonium sulfate appeared to be the dominant cause for the catalyst deactivation in SO₂-containing gases