以群集分析加強 van Genuchen 模式參數推估之研究

The purpose of this study is improving the ability of Continuous PTFs used to predict the parameters of van Genuchten model. This study focused on medium-texture soils. For solving the fuzzy area on a triangular texture figure, K-Means cluster analysis was used to classify samples according to particle size distribution rather than texture. Multiple leaner regression was used to develop models which included all samples and classified samples. The result showed that the classified models could improve the prediction in parameter α, however, they could do so in parameter n. Observation of each model revealed that the parameter n was affected by clay content. This study further compared continuous PTFs which were developed according to region, and the result showed that the models which were developed based on particle size distribution had better prediction. We also proved that classifying samples is necessary before developing a model.本研究旨在提升以連續土壤轉換函數 (Continuous PTFs) 預測van Genuchten 模式(vG-Model) 參數之能力。本研究針對中質地土壤進行分析，為解決三角質地圖界線上質地界定之模糊地帶，運用K-Means 群集分析法依據粒徑分布範圍做分類，取代依質地做分組。利用複線性迴歸分析發展分組前後之模式比較，結果顯示於參數α之預測，分組模式確實能提升整體預測力，而參數n 之預測，分組模式則未能精進預測能力；另發現黏粒含量 (C) 對於n 值具有 一定影響性，整體預測力與n 值本身具有不確定性有關。本研究進一步與國內以區域性發展之Continuous PTFs 比較，結果仍以粒徑分布範圍分組之模式預測力較佳，更印證模式發展前土樣分類之必要性

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

A Study on the Dispersion Coefficients and Two-Dimensional Solute Transport in Porous Media

本研究係針對溶質在多孔體中傳輸的確定性模式進行探討， 共分為三部份。 在第一部份研究中，利用一維對流－流散－線性吸附方程 式之解析解，設定基本參數，求出等時間間距之濃度數列，再 以 Amoozegar-Fard et al. (1983) 之方法推求流散係數及阻滯因子 二參數，以了解純以數學角度分析時，參數誤差之分佈及其特 性。由研究中可知 Pe >= 20、點數 N >= 3、間距 >= 2Δt 時， 可用曲線任意位置之數據求得參數，其誤差是可接受的。 在第二部份研究中，傳統二維無反應多孔體均以二次試驗 ，分別求取縱向流散係數 D_L 及橫向流散係數 D_T ；且在濃 度達到穩定狀態之條件下，始可求得橫向流散係數。本研究利 用連續性半平面源之解析解，可在一次試驗中，溶質濃度連續 變化狀態下，同時求得兩種流散係數。 在第三部份研究中，於坡地上設定以連續且濃度固定之溶 質來源，由地表隨水分全面進入均質之土壤時，不考慮吸附， 由二維理論之推導，可得溶質在坡地傳輸的對流－流散方程式 ，其型式與一維方程式類似，而流散係數涵蓋坡地角度、橫向 及縱向流散係數可表為 D_s = n D_L，其中 n 代表坡地綜合效 應之參數。在決定是否以一維溶質傳輸模式來代替坡地溶質 傳輸時，可用 n 值作為初步判斷之依據。This research is discussing some properties about the deterministic model of solute transport in porous media. It has three parts. In the first part, we set basic parameters on the analytical solution of one-dimensional convection-dispersion-adsorption equation, to find the concentration data at equal-time intervals, and using Amoozegar-Fard et al. (1983) method to estimate the parameters, which compare with the original ones to find the variation of the relative error. Under assumed conditions we find that as Pe>= 20、N>= 3 and time interval 2>=Δt, the errors in dispersion coefficient and retardation factor are acceptable . Two-dimensional solute dispersion in porous media needs two important parameters, longitudinal and transversal dispersion coefficients, D_L and D_T , which require two independent experiments to estimate, and also must meet the conditions in steady state. In the second part, we investigate these two parameters simultaneously and in the unsteady state conditions through mathematical treatments. In the third part, a hillslope convection-dispersion equation was derived for nonreactive solute transport into a homogeneous hillslope and steady flow. The dispersion parameters of this equation includes slope angle, longitudinal dispersion coefficient, and transversal dispersion coefficient. The relation is D_s = n D_L . The n values were defined as the effect of hillslope to solute transport. The value of n could be taken as a critical one to determine the importance of slope effect.封面 中文摘要 英文摘要 目錄 圖目錄 表目錄 符號說明 第一章 緒論 第一節 前言 第二節 研究動機與目的 第二章 溶質傳質之理論基礎 第一節 溶質傳輸之基本理論 第二節 起始、邊界條件及解析解 第三章 一維流散方程式參數之推求 第一節 前人研究 第二節 研究方法 第三節 結果分析與討論 第四節 結論 第四章 二維流散係數之推求 第一節 前人研究 第二節 濃度連續變化下流散係數之推求 第三節 研究方法 第四節 研果與討論 第五節 結論 第五章 坡地溶質傳輸模式 第一節 理論之建立 第二節 坡地與一維溶質傳輸性質之比較 第三節 結論 第六章 總結論 參考文獻 附

Downregulations of AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway for Salmonella-Mediated Suppression of Matrix Metalloproteinases-9 Expression in Mouse Tumor Models

The roles of Matrix MetalloProteinases (MMPs), such as MMP-9, in tumor metastasis are well studied, and this in turns stimulates the development of MMP inhibitors as antitumor agents. Previously, Salmonella accumulation was observed in the metastatic nodules of the lungs after systemic administration. Salmonella significantly enhanced the survival of the pulmonary metastatic tumor-bearing mice. Based on our previous observation, we hypothesized that Salmonella could affect metastasis-related protein expression. The treatment of Salmonella clearly reduced the expression of MMP-9. Meanwhile, the MMP-9 related signaling pathways, including Phosph-Protein Kinase B (P-AKT) and Phosph-mammalian Targets Of Rapamycin (P-mTOR) were decreased after a Salmonella treatment. The Salmonella inhibited tumor cell migration by wound-healing and Transwell assay. The anti-metastatic effects of Salmonella were evaluated in mice bearing experimental metastasis tumor models. Consequently, Salmonella inhibited the expression of MMP-9 by reducing the AKT/mTOR pathway and metastatic nodules in vivo

Phenotype and Genotype of Two Taiwanese Cystic Fibrosis Siblings and a Survey of Delta F508 in East Asians

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is considered to be a rare disease in Asians. We report two cases of CF in a 5-year-old girl and her newborn brother. They are of mixed parentage: a Taiwanese mother and an Australian father. Methods: A comprehensive mutational analysis of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene was completed. Literature was reviewed for delta F508 in East Asians. Results: Two mutation sites were identified in the siblings. The carrier status of their parents and elder brother were also confirmed: heterozygous delta F508 mutation from the father; 13 TG repeats in the IVS8-5T from the mother. An update of delta F508 mutation reported in East Asian patients from various ethnicities is included; most of them were of mixed parentage. Conclusion: These two cases are the first report of cystic fibrosis associated with a delta F508 mutation in a Taiwanese patient attributable to a mutation most commonly seen in Caucasians. We found that the delta F508 mutation is of western origin. Asian patients are seldom found with this mutation unless they are of mixed parentage. Our findings provide further evidence that different ethnicities have their own set of CFTR mutations