Phosphorus Desorption Study Using Dialysis Membrane Tube Filling Fe-Al-Mn Ternary Mixed Nanocomposite from Different Farming Practice of Acidic Soil

Knowledge of the effect of the P remaining in the soil (residual effect) is of great importance for fertilization recommendation. Environmental applications of nanotechnology address the development of solutions to the existing environmental problems, preventive measures for future problems resulting from the interactions of materials with the environment. For this purpose, Fe-Al-Mn ternary mixed oxide nanocomposite adsorbent with 70, 25 and 5 percentage composition of Fe, Al, Mn respectively was synthesized by impregnation method. Its crystal structure was hematite with 20.31 nm size and 69.93 m2/g surface area. The study of phosphate desorption was carried out on different farming practices with four types of treatments: Sole Maize conventional practice (SMCP), Sole Maize conservational agriculture (SMCA), Sole Haricot bean conservation agriculture (SHCA) and Maize-Haricot bean intercropping conservation agriculture (MHCA). The simulation of phosphate desorption from soil to plant was predicted by dialysis membrane tube filled with the ternary mixed nanocomposite (DMT-FeAlMn). DMT-FeAlMn was founded to be the promising adsorbent to simulate the plant–phosphate relation in acidic soil or to estimate the properties of soil for phosphate desorption to the soil solution. The observed desorbed of phosphate was significant in the treatment order of SMCP < SHCA < SMCA < MHCA. The releasing rate of phosphate from soil followed first order kinetics having SMCP (R2 = 0. 996), SMCA (R2 = 0.997), SHCA (R2 = 0.993), and MHCA (R2 = 0.991) with rate constant 0.0006hr-1. Keywords: Desorption, Nanosized Fe-Al-Mn mixed oxide, Residual soil-phosphate, Farming practic

Effect of an Educational Intervention on Lifestyle Modification of Patients With Hypertension at Bishoftu General Hospital, Ethiopia, 2021

A pilot interventional quasi-experimental study without a comparison group was conducted to evaluate the effect of a 3-month educational intervention on clinical measurement changes among 50 patients with hypertension at the Bishoftu General Hospital in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. We measured blood pressure, weight, and total cholesterol at baseline and within a week of postintervention. We found significant decreases in systolic (-12.4 mm Hg; P < .001) and diastolic (-4.6 mm Hg; P < .001) blood pressure, total cholesterol (-34.8 mg/dl; P < .001), and weight (-2.6 kg; P < .001). The educational intervention was found to be effective in reducing risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Detecting extra-ocular Chlamydia trachomatis in a trachoma-endemic community in Ethiopia: Identifying potential routes of transmission.

BACKGROUND: Trachoma elimination efforts are hampered by limited understanding of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) transmission routes. Here we aimed to detect Ct DNA at non-ocular sites and on eye-seeking flies. METHODS: A population-based household survey was conducted in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Ocular and non-ocular (faces, hands, clothing, water containers and sleeping surfaces) swabs were collected from all individuals. Flies were caught from faces of children. Flies, ocular swabs and non-ocular swabs were tested for Ct by quantitative PCR. RESULTS: In total, 1220 individuals in 247 households were assessed. Active trachoma (trachomatous inflammation-follicular) and ocular Ct were detected in 10% and 2% of all-ages, and 21% and 3% of 1-9-year-olds, respectively. Ct was detected in 12% (95% CI:8-15%) of tested non-ocular swabs from ocular-positive households, but in none of the non-ocular swabs from ocular-negative households. Ct was detected on 24% (95% CI:18-32%) of flies from ocular-positive households and 3% (95% CI:1-6%) of flies from ocular-negative households. CONCLUSION: Ct DNA was detected on hands, faces and clothing of individuals living in ocular-positive households suggesting that this might be a route of transmission within Ct infected households. In addition, we detected Ct on flies from ocular-positive households and occasionally in ocular-negative households suggesting that flies might be a vector for transmission within and between Ct infected and uninfected households. These potential transmission routes may need to be simultaneously addressed to suppress transmission

Seasonal variation in water use for hygiene in Oromia, Ethiopia, and its implications for trachoma control: An intensive observational study.

If facial hygiene practices vary seasonally this could have important implications for the design of interventions for trachoma control. This observational study was conducted to explore seasonal variation in hygiene behaviours in 9 households with at least one child aged 1-9 years-of-age in the West Arsi zone in rural Oromia, Ethiopia. Sixty-one household members were observed intensively over two days in the dry season (January), the rainy season (July) and during the harvest period (October) in 2018. Structured record forms were used to document household water availability and use. Daily water use per capita was very low in all seasons (3.1-4.2 litres). Around one third of water consumed in households in all seasons was associated with body washing. Soap was used during 44 of 677 (6%) of these observed occasions and half of all body washes (n = 340; 50%) included face washing. Overall, 95% of 58 individuals washed their faces at least once between 06:30h and 21:30h in the dry season (21% with soap), compared with 79% in the rainy season (2% with soap) (p = 0.013). Sixty-five percent of householders washed their faces during the harvest observation period (06:30h to 17:30h), none of whom used soap. Twenty-eight percent of 204 children aged 11 and under still had ocular or nasal discharge on their faces after washing. Seventy-three percent of those who washed their faces did so more than once in the dry season, compared with 33% in the rainy season (p<0.001). Face washing occurred throughout the day during the dry season, with a clear peak in the early morning and extra washes in the early evening. Face washing mainly took place in the early morning in the other two seasons. Genuine water scarcity in this area is likely to limit the impact of face washing interventions for trachoma control in the absence of water supply interventions. However, face washing was most common at the time of year when water is the hardest to come by, and seasonal differences in behaviour should be considered in any resulting intervention design

Post COVID-19 vaccination side effects and associated factors among vaccinated health care providers in Oromia region, Ethiopia in 2021

Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS COV-2) known as COVID-19 since its outbreak in 2019, more than 375 and 5.6 million were infected and dead, respectively. Its influence in all disciplines stimulated different industries to work day to night relentlessly to develop safe and effective vaccines to reduce the catastrophic effect of the disease. With the increasing number of people globally who have been vaccinated, the reports on possible adverse events have grown and gained great public attention. This study aims to determine post-COVID-19 vaccination adverse effects and associated factors among vaccinated Health care providers in the Oromia region, Ethiopia in 2021. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 912 health care workers working in government hospitals in the central Oromia region from November 20 to December 15/2021. Respondents absent from work due to different reasons were excluded during the interview. The outcome variable was COVID-19 side effects (response as Yes/No). A descriptive analysis displayed findings in the form of the frequencies and percentages, and logistic regression was employed to see the association of different variables with side effects experienced. Result Overall, 92.1% of the participants experienced side effects either in 1st or 2nd doses of post-COVID-19 vaccination; 84.0% and (71.5%) of participants experienced at least one side effect in the 1st and 2nd dose of the vaccines, respectively. COVID-19 infection preventive protocols like keeping distance, hand wash using soap, wearing mask and using sanitizer were decreased post vaccination. About 74.3% of the respondents were worried about the adverse effects of the COVID-19 vaccine they received. The majority (80.2%) of the respondent felt fear while receiving the vaccine and 22.5% of the respondents suspect the effectiveness of the vaccine they took. About 14.8% of the vaccinated Health workers were infected by COVID-19 post-vaccination. Engaging in moderate physical activity and feeling fear when vaccinated were the independent factors associated with reported side effects of post-COVID-19 vaccination using multiple logistic regression. Respondents who did not engage in physical activity were 7.54 fold more likely to develop post-COVID-19 vaccination side effects compared to those who involved at least moderate-intensity physical activity[AOR = 7.54, 95% CI;2.46,23.12]. The odds of experiencing side effects among the respondents who felt fear when vaccinated were 10.73 times compared not felt fear (AOR = 10.73, 95% CI; 2.47,46.64), and similarly, those who felt little fear were 4.28 times more likely to experience side effects(AOR = 4.28, 95% CI; 1.28, 14.39). Conclusion Significant numbers of the respondents experienced side effects post COVID-19 vaccination. It is recommended to provide pre-awareness about the side effects to reduce observed anxiety related to the vaccine. It is also important to plan monitoring and evaluation of the post-vaccine effect using standard longitudinal study designs to measure the effects directly

Associated factors with post COVID-19 vaccination side effects among the participants for the study of post COVID-19 vaccination evaluation in central Oromia region Ethiopia, 2021.

Associated factors with post COVID-19 vaccination side effects among the participants for the study of post COVID-19 vaccination evaluation in central Oromia region Ethiopia, 2021.</p

S1 Dataset -

(SAV)</p

Reasons not willing to take the 2nd dose of COVID-19 vaccine among health professionals for the study of post COVID-19 vaccine complication evaluations in central Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2021.

Reasons not willing to take the 2nd dose of COVID-19 vaccine among health professionals for the study of post COVID-19 vaccine complication evaluations in central Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2021.</p

Participants self-reported COVID-19 vaccine side effects for the study of post COVID-19 vaccine evaluations in Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2021.

Participants self-reported COVID-19 vaccine side effects for the study of post COVID-19 vaccine evaluations in Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2021.</p

Respondents COVID-19 infection status before the vaccination for the study of post COVID-19 vaccine evaluations in Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2021.

(DOCX)</p