Using Archival Data for I-O Research: Advantages, Pitfalls, Sources, and Examples

Two particular sets of experiences sparked our interest in writing this TIP article. The first was our increasing difficulty getting access to “new” organization- based samples. Depending on the topic and commitment involved, many organizations appear too leery and/or too strapped these days to allow for primary data collection. In addition, we have all experienced the disappointment of spending numerous hours on research proposals and meetings with organizational personnel, only to have the “plug pulled” at the last minute on a promising line of data collection. Conversely, we have also had experience with researchers in organizations who are willing and interested in partnering to analyze existing company data. A second experience that sparked our interest was supervising graduate student theses and dissertations. Students likely have even more difficulty than faculty in gaining access to organization-based samples. As a result, they often end up collecting survey data on “working students” or other campusbased convenience samples. Although we realize that “working students” may often be appropriate subjects, depending on the research questions being asked, it has been our experience that students often resort to this strategy even when it may not be appropriate, once they find they can’t obtain access to organization-based samples. Given these experiences, we thought a short TIP article outlining some of the key issues of using archival data for I-O research would be of interest to many TIP readers. We by no means foresee (or propose) the use of archival data sets becoming the principal “data collection strategy” within I-O psychology. Rather, we see this as an underutilized tool to be added to current and future I-O psychologists’ methodological toolbox. Given our extensive experiences working with a variety of sources of archival data, we realize there are numerous issues about which someone new to the area needs to be aware. Given the necessary brevity of a TIP article, we refer readers to key references cited throughout the rest of the paper for a detailed discussion of the issues raised below

Three minimum tile paths from bacterial artificial chromosome libraries of the soybean (Glycine max cv. 'Forrest'): tools for structural and functional genomics

BACKGROUND: The creation of minimally redundant tile paths (hereafter MTP) from contiguous sets of overlapping clones (hereafter contigs) in physical maps is a critical step for structural and functional genomics. Build 4 of the physical map of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. 'Forrest') showed the 1 Gbp haploid genome was composed of 0.7 Gbp diploid, 0.1 Gbp tetraploid and 0.2 Gbp octoploid regions. Therefore, the size of the unique genome was about 0.8 Gbp. The aim here was to create MTP sub-libraries from the soybean cv. Forrest physical map builds 2 to 4. RESULTS: The first MTP, named MTP2, was 14,208 clones (of mean insert size 140 kbp) picked from the 5,597 contigs of build 2. MTP2 was constructed from three BAC libraries (BamHI (B), HindIII (H) and EcoRI (E) inserts). MTP2 encompassed the contigs of build 3 that derived from build 2 by a series of contig merges. MTP2 encompassed 2 Gbp compared to the soybean haploid genome of 1 Gbp and does not distinguish regions by ploidy. The second and third MTPs, called MTP4BH and MTP4E, were each based on build 4. Each was semi-automatically selected from 2,854 contigs. MTP4BH was 4,608 B and H insert clones of mean size 173 kbp in the large (27.6 kbp) T-DNA vector pCLD04541. MTP4BH was suitable for plant transformation and functional genomics. MTP4E was 4,608 BAC clones with large inserts (mean 175 kbp) in the small (7.5 kbp) pECBAC1 vector. MTP4E was suitable for DNA sequencing. MTP4BH and MTP4E clones each encompassed about 0.8 Gbp, the 0.7 Gbp diploid regions and 0.05 Gbp each from the tetraploid and octoploid regions. MTP2 and MTP4BH were used for BAC-end sequencing, EST integration, micro-satellite integration into the physical map and high information content fingerprinting. MTP4E will be used for genome sequence by pooled genomic clone index. CONCLUSION: Each MTP and associated BES will be useful to deconvolute and ultimately finish the whole genome shotgun sequence of soybean

Investigating the Magnetospheres of Rapidly Rotating B-type Stars

Recent spectropolarimetric surveys of bright, hot stars have found that ~10% of OB-type stars contain strong (mostly dipolar) surface magnetic fields (~kG). The prominent paradigm describing the interaction between the stellar winds and the surface magnetic field is the magnetically confined wind shock (MCWS) model. In this model, the stellar wind plasma is forced to move along the closed field loops of the magnetic field, colliding at the magnetic equator, and creating a shock. As the shocked material cools radiatively it will emit X-rays. Therefore, X-ray spectroscopy is a key tool in detecting and characterizing the hot wind material confined by the magnetic fields of these stars. Some B-type stars are found to have very short rotational periods. The effects of the rapid rotation on the X-ray production within the magnetosphere have yet to be explored in detail. The added centrifugal force due to rapid rotation is predicted to cause faster wind outflows along the field lines, leading to higher shock temperatures and harder X-rays. However, this is not observed in all rapidly rotating magnetic B-type stars. In order to address this from a theoretical point of view, we use the X-ray Analytical Dynamical Magnetosphere (XADM) model, originally developed for slow rotators, with an implementation of new rapid rotational physics. Using X-ray spectroscopy from ESA's XMM-Newton space telescope, we observed 5 rapidly rotating B-type stars to add to the previous list of observations. Comparing the observed X-ray luminosity and hardness ratio to that predicted by the XADM allows us to determine the role the added centrifugal force plays in the magnetospheric X-ray emission of these stars.Comment: IAUS Conference Proceeding

Critical evaluation of magnetic field detections reported for pulsating B-type stars in the light of ESPaDOnS, Narval and reanalyzed FORS1/2 observations

Recent spectropolarimetric studies of 7 SPB and $\beta$ Cep stars have suggested that photospheric magnetic fields are more common in B-type pulsators than in the general population of B stars, suggesting a significant connection between magnetic and pulsational phenomena. We present an analysis of new and previously published spectropolarimetric observations of these stars. New Stokes $V$ observations obtained with the high-resolution ESPaDOnS and Narval instruments confirm the presence of a magnetic field in one of the stars ($\epsilon$ Lup), but find no evidence of magnetism in 5 others. A re-analysis of the published longitudinal field measurements obtained with the low-resolution FORS1/2 spectropolarimeters finds that the measurements of all stars show more scatter from zero than can be attributed to Gaussian noise, suggesting the presence of a signal and/or systematic under-estimation of error bars. Re-reduction and re-measurement of the FORS1/2 spectra from the ESO archive demonstrates that small changes in reduction procedure lead to substantial changes in the inferred longitudinal field, and substantially reduces the number of field detections at the 3$\sigma$ level. Furthermore, we find that the published periods are not unique solutions to the time series of either the original or the revised FORS1/2 data. We conclude that the reported field detections, proposed periods and field geometry models for $\alpha$ Pyx, 15 CMa, 33 Eri and V1449 Aql are artefacts of the data analysis and reduction procedures, and that magnetic fields at the reported strength are no more common in SPB/$\beta$ Cep stars than in the general population of B stars.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, 2012, typo correcte

Geriatric Hip Fracture Quality Initiative

Introduction: Multiple studies demonstrate increased morbidity, mortality, and loss of independence after hip fractures in geriatric patients. The 1-year mortality rate after a hip fracture has been estimated at anywhere from 14% to 58%. Hip fractures are one of the most common injuries evaluated by the UNM Orthopedic department. Geriatric hip fracture protocols have shown improved outcomes at many other centers with regard to improved functionality and decreased morbidity. The goal of this initiative is to improve outcomes with regard to length of hospital stay, functionality after surgery, and as a result, decreased morbidity and mortality. Materials/methods: All deaths in the orthopedic department were reviewed and analyzed from June 2009 to July 2019. Deaths were identified from morbidity and mortality submissions and NSQIP data. The geriatric hip fracture protocol was developed and implemented in Fall 2019, with non-critical care patients being primarily admitted to orthopedics, with hospitalist co-management. Specific post-operative and pain order sets were developed for efficiency and improved standard of care. Results: Early results of the newly developed geriatric hip fracture protocol demonstrate decreased length of stay in the hospital and earlier time to surgical intervention. It is too early to determine if morbidity and mortality has seen any decrease, however this can be anticipated with earlier time to surgery and decreased time in the hospital. Conclusions: We identified a need and successfully developed an initiative to improve care for geriatric patients with hip fractures. Implementation of this protocol decreased length of hospital stay as well as time to surgery. The analysis of the effect of this protocol on overall morbidity and mortality is ongoing

Comparison of Narcotic Prescribing Habits Between Trainee and Attending Orthopaedic Surgeons

Background: Orthopaedic surgeons are among the highest prescribing physicians of narcotics to opioidnaïve patients. Despite the current opioid epidemic, few studies have specifically quantified the appropriate amount of opioids necessary for postoperative pain control. We hypothesized a significant variability in the quantity of postoperative opioids prescribed among trainee (ie, residents and fellows) and attending surgeons at a single institution. Methods: Postoperative narcotic prescribing habits were assessed using an anonymous survey. Ultimately, 28 trainee physicians and 17 attending physicians responded to the survey (86.5%). The survey recorded the amount of 5-mg oxycodone tablets that were commonly prescribed to manage pain after various typical orthopaedic procedures (eg, total knee arthroplasty). Non-narcotic analgesic use was also measured. Mean, standard deviation, and variance values were calculated, with significance set at α = 0.05. Results: After the following procedures, the respondents reported prescribing the following quantities of 5-mg oxycodone tablets: total knee arthroplasty, 56 (SD, 16); total hip arthroplasty, 53 (SD, 13); anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, 38 (SD, 16); partial meniscectomy, 23 (SD, 14); arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, 39 (SD, 16); carpal tunnel release, 10 (SD, 10); A1 pulley release for treating trigger finger, 9 (SD, 9); open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for treating distal radius fractures, 32 (SD, 16); and ORIF for treating ankle fractures, 39 (SD, 15). Statistically significant variation existed between trainee and attending physicians for total hip arthroplasty and A1 pulley release. There was no difference for acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with about 70% of patients receiving at least one of these adjuncts. Conclusions: Variability exists in postoperative opioid prescribing habits between trainee and attending physicians at the academic training institution we accessed. In light of the ongoing opioid epidemic, institutions may benefit from standardized postoperative pain protocols

Discovery Of A Magnetic Field In The Rapidly Rotating O-Type Secondary Of The Colliding-Wind Binary HD 47129 (Plaskett\u27s Star)

We report the detection of a strong, organized magnetic field in the secondary component of the massive O8III/I+O7.5V/III double-lined spectroscopic binary system HD 47129 (Plaskett\u27s star) in the context of the Magnetism in Massive Stars survey. Eight independent Stokes V observations were acquired using the Echelle SpectroPolarimetric Device for the Observations of Stars (ESPaDOnS) spectropolarimeter at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope and the Narval spectropolarimeter at the Telescope Bernard Lyot. Using least-squares deconvolution we obtain definite detections of signal in Stokes V in three observations. No significant signal is detected in the diagnostic null (N) spectra. The Zeeman signatures are broad and track the radial velocity of the secondary component; we therefore conclude that the rapidly rotating secondary component is the magnetized star. Correcting the polarized spectra for the line and continuum of the (sharp-lined) primary, we measured the longitudinal magnetic field from each observation. The longitudinal field of the secondary is variable and exhibits extreme values of -810 +/- 150 and +680 +/- 190 G, implying a minimum surface dipole polar strength of 2850 +/- 500 G. In contrast, we derive an upper limit (3 sigma) to the primary\u27s surface magnetic field of 230 G. The combination of a strong magnetic field and rapid rotation leads us to conclude that the secondary hosts a centrifugal magnetosphere fed through a magnetically confined wind. We revisit the properties of the optical line profiles and X-ray emission - previously interpreted as a consequence of colliding stellar winds - in this context. We conclude that HD 47129 represents a heretofore unique stellar system - a close, massive binary with a rapidly rotating, magnetized component - that will be a rich target for further study

Three-dimensional structure of an immunoglobulin light-chain dimer with amyloidogenic properties

The X-ray structure of an immunoglobulin light-chain dimer isolated from the urine as a 'Bence-Jones protein' from a patient with multiple myeloma and amyloidosis (Sea) was determined at 1.94 Angstrom resolution and refined to R and R-free factors of 0.22 and 0.25, respectively. This 'amyloidogenic' protein crystallized in the orthorhombic P2(1)2(1)2(1) space group with unit-cell parameters a=48.28, b=83.32, c=112.59 Angstrom as determined at 100 K. In the vital organs (heart and kidneys), the equivalent of the urinary protein produced fibrillar amyloid deposits which were fatal to the patient. Compared with the amyloidogenic Mcg light-chain dimer, the Sea protein was highly soluble in aqueous solutions and only crystallized at concentrations approaching 100 mg ml(-1). Both the Sea and Mcg proteins packed into crystals in highly ordered arrangements typical of strongly diffracting crystals of immunoglobulin fragments. Overall similarities and significant differences in the three-dimensional structures and crystalline properties are discussed for the Sea and Mcg Bence-Jones proteins, which together provide a generalized model of abnormalities present in lambda chains, facilitating a better understanding of amyloidosis of light-chain origin (AL)