9 research outputs found
Current status of turbulent dynamo theory: From large-scale to small-scale dynamos
Several recent advances in turbulent dynamo theory are reviewed. High
resolution simulations of small-scale and large-scale dynamo action in periodic
domains are compared with each other and contrasted with similar results at low
magnetic Prandtl numbers. It is argued that all the different cases show
similarities at intermediate length scales. On the other hand, in the presence
of helicity of the turbulence, power develops on large scales, which is not
present in non-helical small-scale turbulent dynamos. At small length scales,
differences occur in connection with the dissipation cutoff scales associated
with the respective value of the magnetic Prandtl number. These differences are
found to be independent of whether or not there is large-scale dynamo action.
However, large-scale dynamos in homogeneous systems are shown to suffer from
resistive slow-down even at intermediate length scales. The results from
simulations are connected to mean field theory and its applications. Recent
work on helicity fluxes to alleviate large-scale dynamo quenching, shear
dynamos, nonlocal effects and magnetic structures from strong density
stratification are highlighted. Several insights which arise from analytic
considerations of small-scale dynamos are discussed.Comment: 36 pages, 11 figures, Spa. Sci. Rev., submitted to the special issue
"Magnetism in the Universe" (ed. A. Balogh
НАЛОГООБЛОЖЕНИЕ И НАЛОГОВАЯ ОТЧЕТНОСТЬ В ТУРКМЕНИСТАНЕ: РЕФОРМЫ ЭПОХИ НЕЗАВИСИМОСТИ
In the beginning of 90's new independent countries of CIS have begun the development of their government systems, including the tax system and standards of tax return. Turkmenistan is one of the interesting examples of such development because of its attractiveness for foreign investor, abundancy of natural resource and unique path of development. In this article the author will analyze the peculiarities of Turkmen tax system and tax return standards, the reforms of the age of independence and their resultsВ начале 90-х новые независимые страны СНГ начали развитие своих государственных систем, включая систему налогообложения и стандарты налоговой отчетности. Туркменистан является одним из интересных примеров развития, благодаря своей привлекательности для иностранных инвесторов, обилию природных ресурсов и нестандартному пути развития. В данной статье автор проанализирует особенности системы налогообложения и налоговой отчётности в Туркменистане, реформах системы за период независимости и их результат
Plasma Diagnostics of the Interstellar Medium with Radio Astronomy
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