Biomarkers of Gallbladder Cancer

Maximillian de Stoll firstly identified Gallbladder cancer in two autopsy cases in 1777, and Keen was the first one to perform cancer resection in 1891 [Sheinfeld W, 1947]. Gallbladder cancer is usually a most frequent biliary tract cancer worldwide however it is only 0.5% of most gastrointestinal cancer even though fatal malignancy along with notable ethnic and geographical versions. The representing signs and symptoms are commonly imprecise so patient presents with late stage. The overall mean survival rate for patients having advanced gallbladder cancer is 6 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 5% [Levy AD et al 2001; Pandey M et al 2001]. Cholecystectomy is the potential cure for early gallbladder cancer (restricted to the mucosa), though rare. The majority of (>80%) gallbladder cancers are adenocarcinomas which originate from fundus (60%), body (30%), as well as neck (10%). The premise likely is actually genetic susceptibility, perhaps elicited simply by chronic gallbladder inflammation, normally a result of cholelithiasis [Pandey M et al 2003]. One particular reasonable hypothesis targets continual tenderness of the mucosa (e.g., through the actual physical vicinity of the rocks and/or superimposed chronic infection such as through Salmonella typhi) which leads to dysplasia (may be abetted by mutagenic secondary bile acids) and ending in cancerous change

Mathematical Modelling of Swallowing of Viscoelastic Nature Food Through the Oesophagus Affected by Hiatus Hernia

Peristaltic transport of viscoelastic fluid through a divergent tube is studied by approximations of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. This type of study explains the interesting phenomenon of swallowing food bolus through the oesophagus affected by hiatus hernia. The amplitude of peristaltic waves is increase exponentially, the food bolus to be a viscoelastic fluid and the affected oesophagus a diverging tube. The expressions for axial and radial velocities, pressure and reflux limit are obtained. Both cases have been considered when the whole tube diverges and when it diverges only near the end. Another case in which the tube converges near the last end has also been analysed

Harnessing a knowledge worker’s competency: Lessons from the software development teams

In this conceptual paper, we propose that the work force can no longer be understood only as a factor of production, but must be projected as a strategic core competency of any organization. The “knowledge-based”, post-industrial economy has lead to a higher degree of pressure on the corporations to nurture and enhance their key strategic resource viz. the Knowledge worker(K-worker). Based on the resource based view and firm strategy, we hereby define the core human competency of the K-worker as a firm specific, rent-generating resource manifested in the behavior pattern of its employees that is aligned with a firm’s core business activities. Besides, our literature survey of the software developer’s field suggests the key business imperatives of future orientation, customer orientation, team work, problem resolution and quality. Hence, these five are hypothesized as the key human competency determinants of a software developer or a K-worker.Thus, our novel approach presupposes that the human competency grows with and around the key business activities of a business organization. The utility of this approach is projected through the lens of the systems view via the fifth discipline and integrated with the quality management practices to build a bulwark for the nurturing of human core competencies. At the heart of this systemic thinking is a shift of mind better termed as “metanoia”.We thus emphasize that k-worker management needs a more individualized and customized appreciation unlike what has been the norm so far.This strategic human competency approach is then the crucial ground for a learning enabled organization of the future that is struggling under enormous pressure of competition in today’s landscape

Study of Daucus carota ssp. Sativus and Butea monosperma to analyse their Applicability in Pharmaceutical Industry as Antimicrobial Agents

Human Beings have been using plant products to heal the Wounds and Diseases from the inception of humankind. Even when it was not known that microorganisms exist, People have been using antimicrobial agents prepared from plants. These antimicrobial products were prepared by extracting the plant in a suitable solvent. Antimicrobial property is conferred to plants by the presence of various phytochemicals which are the products of several Secondary metabolic pathways. The aim of this project was to decipher the potential use of Daucus carota ssp. Sativus and Butea monosperma in the pharmaceutical industry. In this research, Qualitative phytochemical screening and antimicrobial potential of Black carrot and Kamarkas has been studied.Black carrot showed good antimicrobial activity against A. brasiliensis, E. coli and S. enterica, arranged in descending order of the Slope obtained in each antimicrobial assay. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of Flavonoids, Soluble Phenolic Compounds, Naphthoquinone and traces of Saponins and Alkaloids. The Kamarkas showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and to some extent against A. brasiliensis. Phytochemical analysis of Kamarkas showed positive for all phytochemicals.

Carcinogenic herbs: a review

Herbal toxicity is a field that has rapidly grown over the last few years along with increased use of herbal products worldwide. People prefer using herbal medicines rather than allopathic because herbals are considered safe. Use of herbal medicines from ancient times does not ensure their complete safety. With the growing awareness regarding pharmacovigilance worldwide, there has been an increase in the number of reported adverse events occurring with the use of herbal products. The objective of the study is to aware the researchers about most commonly used Indian medicinal herbs inducing carcinogenicity like Aloe vera, Ginkgo biloba, Kava kava, etc.

A Bayes Study of Bile Acid Constituents on Cholelithiasis and Carcinoma of the Gallbladder

Background: Significantly high concentration of secondary bile acids and low concentration of primary acids are reported by the surgeons in patients with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) compared to control and cholelithiasis groups.Aim: To examine the effect of primary and secondary bile acids on the development of cholelithiasis and GBC and to investigate the association, if any, among the two groups of bile acids.Methods: The study uses two groups of patients at a time selected in accordance with some pre-fixed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. The demographic characteristics such as mean age, sex ratio and body mass index, etc. are obtained for the selected groups of patients. The study defines dichotomous responses and the four bile acid constituents, namely cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), as the predictors. It then assumes logistic regression model to associate the binary responses with the predictors by using probability scores. Bayes analysis is developed using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) pack in R software for the posterior simulation.Results: Twenty one cholelithiasis patients and twenty patients in each of control and GBC groups are studied. It is seen that a unit decrement in the level of CA (CDCA) increases the log (odds ratio) for cholelithiasis by an amount of 0.49 (0.14) and odds ratio by almost 1.5 (1.12). Similarly, a unit increment in the level of DCA (LCA) provides the log (odds ratio) for cholelithiasis as 0.18 (1.3) and odds ratio as 1.16 (2.95). Comparing GBC with control population, it is noted that a unit decrease in the level of CA (CDCA) in the control population increases the log (odds ratio) for GBC by an amount of 1.16(0.26) and odds ratio by almost 2.63 (1.24) times. Similarly, the log(odds ratio) for GBC increases by 0.77(1.94) and the odds ratio increases by 1.9 (5.0) for the unit increment in the level of DCA(LCA).Conclusions: The study observes relatively high variations in the primary and secondary bile acids in the cholelithiasis and GBC groups as compared with the control group. It, in turn, reflects strong association among the two categories of bile acids in gallbladder diseases

CRITICAL BARRIERS OF FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND APPLICATION OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY TO MITIGATE THEIR IMPACTS

Food safety and food security have captured the significant attention of researchers. The main objective of this study is to identify the critical barriers of food supply chain management in the Indian context. For this, a decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) based approach is used. With an assessment of existing literature and consultation with food chain experts, 15 barriers have been identified for analysis. Critical barriers and their causal relationships are explored through the cause-and-effect diagram. Results of this study show that the barriers, namely “Lack of Government policy and regulation support” (B8) and “Extreme & diverse climate conditions in India” (B15), are the top two most critical and influential barriers. Recent advances in Blockchain technology have paved for mitigating the impact of these barriers on the performance of the food supply chain, and with the suitable intervention of Blockchain technology, many such barriers can be overcome, thereby improving food supply chain performance