SOLIVA ANTHEMIFOLIA (JUSS.) R.BR. (ASTERACEAE) : A NEW GENERIC RECORD TO THE FLORA OF CHHATTISGARH

The present paper highlights the occurrence of Soliva anthemifolia (Juss.) R.Br. as a new generic record to the flora of Chhattisgarh collected from Pendra village of Bilaspur district. Notes on its morphological characters, habit and habitat are provided in the article

Expressing the Behavior of Three Very Different Concurrent Systems by Using Natural Extensions of Separation Logic

Separation Logic is a non-classical logic used to verify pointer-intensive code. In this paper, however, we show that Separation Logic, along with its natural extensions, can also be used as a specification language for concurrent-system design. To do so, we express the behavior of three very different concurrent systems: a Subway, a Stopwatch, and a 2x2 Switch. The Subway is originally implemented in LUSTRE, the Stopwatch in Esterel, and the 2x2 Switch in Bluespec

ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY KORWA TRIBE OF KORBA DISTRICT, CHHATTISGARH – INDIA

The paper deals ethnomedicinal information of Korwa tribe of Korba district. The tribe still using several plants to cure different disease, 30 plants belonging to different families, with their botanical names, family, vernacular name, month of flowering part used and uses given here. Basically Chhattisgarh is “The land of tribe” and because of abundance of the tribe Korwa, this region was named Korba. The information was collected through survey. During the survey knowledgeable person, vaid, were interviewed and information recorded. The data indicate the uses of 30 ethnomedicinal plants used to cure different disease. The tribe residing in the forest continues to utilize their traditional system of cure which is still effective and these plants are having great socio-economic importance. There are so many other plants other than the mentioned and there is a need to record the maximum information

Effect of trace elements Zn, B, Mg and Cu on the growth and sporulation of Pyricularia oryzae, the causal organism of blast disease of rice

Blast is one of the most common disease of the Rice crop caused by Pyricularia oryzae. Blast of Rice is a recurrent problem of Rice producing countries declines productivity drastically. Mycelium growth and sporulation of P. oryzae is depend upon many factors i.e. humidity, temperature, availability of nutrients etc. Like other fungi P. oryzae also requires some nutrients in very minute quantity for their physiological and metabolic activities. Regulating these micronutrients or trace elements we can control the growth and spore production in P. oryzae. In this paper, we studied effect of four trace elements i.e. Zinc (Zn), Boron (B), Magnesium (Mg) and Copper (Cu) on growth and sporulation of P. oryzae. Zinc, Boron and Copper are most effective and promote growth and sporulation at 2 ppm (parts per million) concentration when we increased concentration of these elements in the medium, growth and sporulation decreased .On the other hand less growth and sporulation reported in the absence of Magnesium. Minute quantity of Magnesium is required for optimum growth i.e. 2 ppm. after this increasing concentration of Magnesium is not significant

On the Complexity of Deciding Behavioural Equivalences and Preorders. A Survey

This paper gives an overview of the computational complexity of all the equivalences in the linear/branching time hierarchy [vG90a] and the preordersin the corresponding hierarchy of preorders. We consider finite state or regular processes as well as infinite-state BPA [BK84b] processes. A distinction, which turns out to be important in the finite-state processes, is that of simulation-like equivalences/preorders vs. trace-like equivalencesand preorders. Here we survey various known complexity results for these relations. For regular processes, all simulation-like equivalences and preorders are decidable in polynomial time whereas all trace-like equivalences and preorders are PSPACE-Complete. We also consider interesting specialclasses of regular processes such as deterministic, determinate, unary, locally unary, and tree-like processes and survey the known complexity results inthese special cases. For infinite-state processes the results are quite different. For the class of context-free processes or BPA processes any preorder or equivalence beyond bisimulation is undecidable but bisimulation equivalence is polynomial timedecidable for normed BPA processes and is known to be elementarily decidable in the general case. For the class of BPP processes, all preorders and equivalences apart from bisimilarity are undecidable. However, bisimilarityis decidable in this case and is known to be decidable in polynomial time for normed BPP processes

A Simplified Hierarchical Dynamic Quantum Secret Sharing Protocol with Added Features

Generalizing the notion of dynamic quantum secret sharing (DQSS), a simplified protocol for hierarchical dynamic quantum secret sharing (HDQSS) is proposed and it is shown that the protocol can be implemented using any existing protocol of quantum key distribution, quantum key agreement or secure direct quantum communication. The security of this proposed protocol against eavesdropping and collusion attacks is discussed with specific attention towards the issues related to the composability of the subprotocols that constitute the proposed protocol. The security and qubit efficiency of the proposed protocol is also compared with that of other existing protocols of DQSS. Further, it is shown that it is possible to design a semi-quantum protocol of HDQSS and in principle, the protocols of HDQSS can be implemented using any quantum state. It is also noted that the completely orthogonal-state-based realization of HDQSS protocol is possible and that HDQSS can be experimentally realized using a large number of alternative approaches.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur

Survey Paper on Emotion Recognition

Facial expressions give important information about emotions of a person. Understanding facial expressions accurately is one of the challenging tasks for interpersonal relationships. Automatic emotion detection using facial expressions recognition is now a main area of interest within various fields such as computer science, medicine, and psychology. HCI research communities also use automated facial expression recognition system for better results. Various feature extraction techniques have been developed for recognition of expressions from static images as well as real time videos. This paper provides a review of research work carried out and published in the field of facial expression recognition and various techniques used for facial expression recognition

A cross-sectional study to find out the prevalence, pattern, risk factors, comorbidities and severity of vascular depression in patients attending psychiatric outpatient department in a tertiary care centre

Background: Depression was declared as the second major cause of disability adjusted life years (DALY) in 2020 and the economic burden experienced by those with depression is next to coronary artery disease. Vascular depression has late age at onset 60 years or older, nonpsychotic subtype, with no family history of mental disorders, presenting with loss of pleasure and functional disability. Depression is accompanied by cerebrovascular lesions as determined by MRI and not accompanied by neurological signs. This has a spiral correlation with various comorbidities leading to diagnostic enigma at one hand and worsened prognosis on the other. This emphasized the early diagnosis and treatment to improve the quality of life.Methods: Patients with age more than 60 years, of either sex, with a mini GDS score ≥5, having the first episode of depression and who gave consent were included.Results: Hypertension thus emerged as a significant risk factor and was positively associated with increased severity of depression. Conclusions: Subclinical cognitive impairment and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may precede years before the onset of vascular depression. Prompt detection and management of these entities and associated risk factors could prevent or postpone impending vascular depression