Wireless Network-Coded Four-Way Relaying Using Latin Hyper-Cubes

This paper deals with physical layer network-coding for the four-way wireless relaying scenario where four nodes A, B, C and D wish to communicate their messages to all the other nodes with the help of the relay node R. The scheme given in the paper is based on the denoise-and-forward scheme proposed first by Popovski et al. Intending to minimize the number of channel uses, the protocol employs two phases: Multiple Access (MA) phase and Broadcast (BC) phase with each phase utilizing one channel use. This paper does the equivalent for the four-way relaying scenario as was done for the two-way relaying scenario by Koike-Akino et al., and for three-way relaying scenario in [3]. It is observed that adaptively changing the network coding map used at the relay according to the channel conditions greatly reduces the impact of multiple access interference which occurs at the relay during the MA phase. These network coding maps are so chosen so that they satisfy a requirement called exclusive law. We show that when the four users transmit points from the same M-PSK constellation, every such network coding map that satisfies the exclusive law can be represented by a 4-fold Latin Hyper-Cube of side M. The network code map used by the relay for the BC phase is explicitly obtained and is aimed at reducing the effect of interference at the MA stage.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1112.158

Wireless Network-Coded Three-Way Relaying Using Latin Cubes

The design of modulation schemes for the physical layer network-coded three-way wireless relaying scenario is considered. The protocol employs two phases: Multiple Access (MA) phase and Broadcast (BC) phase with each phase utilizing one channel use. For the two-way relaying scenario, it was observed by Koike-Akino et al. \cite{KPT}, that adaptively changing the network coding map used at the relay according to the channel conditions greatly reduces the impact of multiple access interference which occurs at the relay during the MA phase and all these network coding maps should satisfy a requirement called \textit{exclusive law}. This paper does the equivalent for the three-way relaying scenario. We show that when the three users transmit points from the same 4-PSK constellation, every such network coding map that satisfies the exclusive law can be represented by a Latin Cube of Second Order. The network code map used by the relay for the BC phase is explicitly obtained and is aimed at reducing the effect of interference at the MA stage.Comment: 13 Pages, 16 Figures. Some mistakes in the previous version have been fixe

Evaluation of bio-asphalt binders modified with biochar: a pyrolysis by-product of Mesua ferrea seed cover waste

With growing global concerns related to energy security and sustainability, interest in bio-fuels has increased significantly. Production of biofuel mostly begins with pyrolysis, a process that converts the biomass to liquid biooil, solid biochar and gases. A large amount of carbonaceous biochar is generated as a by-product during the pyrolysis. However, no major effort has been made in the past decade to utilize the biochar in pavement applications, especially as a bio-modifier to asphalt binders. In this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the carbonaceous biochar, obtained during bio-fuel production through pyrolysis of Mesua ferrea seed cover waste, as an asphalt modifier/extender to obtain bio-asphalts. Physical and chemical characterizations of biochar were carried out using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. This was followed by rheological characterization of asphalt binders (from two sources) modified with various concentrations of biochar (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% by weight of binder). Flow behaviour, permanent deformation, and fatigue characteristics of bio-asphalts were evaluated and compared with control binders (no biochar). Aging susceptibility of biochar modified binders was also evaluated and compared for biochar contents and binder sources. Permanent deformation behaviour evaluated through multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test indicated that the use of biochar improved the rutting resistance of binders. Improved binder performance against the effects of aging and deformation with the use of biochar makes it a promising asphalt modifier, especially for the warm tropical climatic conditions prevalent in India

Clinical Study of Nirgundi Ghana Vati with Nirgundi Patra Panda Sweda in the management on Amavata

Today as man is climbing the step of success, he is moving away from health abnormal food habits, style of living, greed, anger have become a part of his life. The sedentary life style has given birth to number of diseases. Amavata is one of the challenging diseases for the physicians due to its chronicity, incurability, complications and morbidity. Amavata (Rheumatoid arthritis) the term desires from the words as “Ama ” and “Vata” the word Ama is the condition which in various ailments in system due to its toxic effect. The Ama when combines with Vatadosha and occupies in Shleshmasthana (Asthi Sandhi) results painful disease ‘Amavata’ The disease is characterized by various features like Sandhishoola in the nature of Toda, swelling inability of joints movements etc. In this research work 16 patients were registered, these patients were given Nirgundi Ghan Vati in the doses of 500gm two Vati three times a day for 30 days, along with Nirgundi Patra Pinda Sweda in 28 days. Results show that significant decrease in the symptoms of Amavata after treatment regimen

Thermally Comfortable Affordable Housing: A Study on Residential Building Code In India

On an average, India has more than 3000 Cooling Degree Days (CDD). The multifamily public housing being constructed under India’s Prime Minister Awas Yojana (PMAY) is aimed at providing formal housing to the society’s Economic Weaker Section (EWS). It is essential that this housing delivers thermally comfortable in-doors to the occupants. This study mapped the design and construction practices followed under PMAY Urban (PMAY-U) against India’s Residential Energy Building Code, Eco Niwas Samhita (ENS). The metric prescribed in ENS is Residential Envelope Transmittance Value (RETV). For 80 PMAY-U projects, information related to spatial design, and walling assemblies was collated. 30 projects were short-listed for detailed analysis. The RETV for selected projects was calculated. The analysis demonstrated that walling assemblies and technologies having a lower thermal transmittance value (U-value) resulted in meeting the ENS prescribed RETV numbers, hence, code compliance. The study further extended to assess the energy performance of the housing unit by exploring the change in walling assemblies. The change in thermally comfortable hours were reported in the range of 4145 and 6034, and Energy Performance Index (EPI) of the dwelling units were reported between 64 and 68 kWh/m2/year for the various walling assemblies

Giant fibrosarcoma of anterior abdominal wall: a rare case report and review literature

Adult type fibrosarcoma is very rare malignant soft tissue tumor. It usually arises in soft tissues of extremities, trunk, head and neck. Fibrosarcoma is essentially a diagnosis of exclusion from other spindle cell mesenchymal malignant neoplasm; by definition negative for epithelial, myogenous and neural markers on immunohistochemistry. To the best of our knowledge, very few cases have been reported in the literature. We here report a case of giant fibrosarcoma arising from anterior abdominal wall in a recurrent dermatofibrosarcoma proturbens and managed with surgical excision and reconstruction with meshplasty.