Power Rotational Interleaver on an Idma System

In this paper we are proposing an interleaver design i.e. power rotational interleaver. The basic purpose of this design is to reduce the bandwidth occupied by the interleaver. This approach provides an efficient result for multiple users. The complexity of this design is same as that of master random interleaver while the bandwidth requirement is reduced up to a great extent. On the basis of simulation results it is concluded that the performance of power rotational interleaver is as good as that is of random interleaver. Keywords: Master random interleaver, a posteriori probability, tree based interleaver

ROLE OF VICIA FABA FRUIT EXTRACT AGAINST CYTOTOXICITY INDUCED BY ACETAMINOPHEN IN PRIMARY CULTURED RAT HEPATOCYTES

Objective: In the present study, Vicia faba fruit extract was screened for their hepatoprotective activity against cytotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in primary cultured rat hepatocytes.Methods: Vicia faba fruit, seed and leaf were subjected to assessment of its total phenolic content, reducing power, free radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation. HPLC analysis, DNA damage protection and hepatoprotective activities of V. faba fruit extract were also analysed.Results: Among the tested extracts, V. faba fruit extract exhibited highest total phenolic content (104.90 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g), reducing power (0.83 ascorbic acid equivalents (ASE)/ml), free radical scavenging activity (IC50= 31.27 μg/ml), superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (IC50= 33.52 μg/ml) and LPO (IC50= 621.75 μg/ml). HPLC of V. faba fruit extract showed presence of polyphenols i.e. gallic acid (70.81 mg/100g) and catechin (49.63 mg/100g) and showed a significant reduction in the formation of nicked calf thymus DNA against either Fenton's reagent or UV radiation. Supplementation of V. faba fruit extract conferred significant protection against cytotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in primary cultured rat hepatocytes in comparison to standard hepatoprotectant silymarin.Conclusion: V. faba fruit extract possesses significant antioxidant, DNA damage protective and hepatoprotective activities and may be used for management of drug induced liver injury

A review of process intensified CO2 capture in RPB for sustainability and contribution to industrial net zero

Carbon dioxide (CO2), a significant greenhouse gas released from power plants and industries, substantially impacts climate change; minimizing it and achieving carbon net zero is essential globally. In the direction of reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, post-combustion carbon capture from large point CO2 emitters by chemical absorption involving the absorption of this gas in a capturing fluid is a commonly used and efficacious mechanism. Researchers have worked on the process using conventional columns. However, process intensification technology is required because of the high capital cost, the absorption column height, and the traditional columns’ low energy efficiency. Rotating packed bed (RPB) process intensification equipment has been identified as a suitable technology for enhanced carbon capture using an absorbing fluid. This article reviews and discusses recent model developments in the post-combustion CO2 capture process intensification using rotating packed beds. In the literature, various researchers have developed steady-state mathematical models regarding mass balance and energy balance equations in gas and liquid phases using ordinary or partial differential equations. Due to the circular shape, the equations are considered in a radial direction and have been solved using a numerical approach and simulated using different software platforms, viz. MATLAB, FORTRAN, and gPROMS. A comparison of various correlations has been presented. The models predict the mole fraction of absorbed CO2 and correspond well with the experimental results. Along with these models, an experimental data review on rotating packed bed is also included in this work

Cancer oesophagus: is sequential chemo radiation better in elderly patients or patients with severe dysphagia?

Background:This study was conducted to analyse the local control, regional control and toxicities of sequential versus concurrent chemo radiation in the patients of oesophageal cancer especially in elderly.Methods: A total of newly diagnosed 50 patients were randomized in concurrent and sequential arm. Two courses of 3 weekly chemotherapy (Cisplatin and 5-FU based) were given concurrently and three courses of same chemotherapy were given neoadjuvantly with EBRT (44 Gys) respectively in randomised arms. HDR-ICBT (2 fractions of 5 Gy) delivered after two weeks of completion of EBRT in both arm.Results: Concurrent arm had higher incidence of grade III+IV overall all toxicity especially in elderly patients or patients that presented with grade IV or higher dysphagia. Other haematological and non-haematological toxicities were equal in both arms. Complete response at both primary and mediastina was higher in concurrent arm but there was no statistically significant difference.Conclusions: Our data suggest that if a patient can tolerate the combination of chemotherapy and radiation, this approach offers superior results but at the cost of higher incidence of severe toxicities especially in patients with grade IV or higher dysphagia or elderly patients. So this group could be treated with sequential chemo radiation

The effect of general anaesthesia versus conscious sedation in dosimetric distribution of intracavitary radiotherapy in cervical cancer patients

Background: Majority of Indian patients presents in locally advanced stage and most of them treated by combination of external teletherapy and intracavitary brachytherapy (ICRT). Because of deficient infrastructure, the waiting period is generally long at existing caner canters. Hence ICRT may be done in conscious sedation to treat more patients by avoiding time consuming general anaesthesia. The aim of this study is to know the effect of general anaesthesia vs. conscious sedation in dosimetric distribution in brachytherapy and its feasibility.Methods: Total 80 ICRT applications were randomized to general anaesthesia (GA) and conscious sedation (CS) groups. Fletcher suit type of applicators was used and dose delivery equipment was cobalt 60 high dose rate remote after loading brachytherapy unit. In CS group, injection midazolam 0.5-8mg (median 2.5mg) in the form of slow i.v. infusion was used along with antiemetic support.Results: Total 6 parameters were analyzed. e.g., Dose to point A1, Dose to point A2, Bladder max dose, Bladder mean dose, Rectal max dose and Rectal mean dose. The dose distribution was found similar both   groups and it did not depend on type of anaesthesia.Conclusions: The high volume centers of developing countries are most suitable candidate to opt conscious sedation to perform ICRT to treat more cancer cervix patients in same time frame

Immuno-silent polymer capsules encapsulating nanoparticles for bioimaging applications

PEGylated polymer capsules encapsulating LaVO4:Tb3+, GdVO4:Tb3+, Gd2O3:Tb3+, GdF3:Tb3+, YVO4:Tb3+ and iron oxide nanoparticles are promising new fluorescence, magnetic and magnetofluorescence imaging agents. Recently, we have reported the in vitro and in vivo level toxicity profile which shows the non-toxic nature of polymer capsules encapsulating nanoparticles. However, prior to clinical use, it is essential to ensure that these agents are unlikely to activate immune responses. Herein, we investigated the immuno-compatibility of polymer capsules with dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (MO), major antigen presenting cell (APC) subsets required for activation of innate and adaptive immunity. Capsules were efficiently internalized by both DC and MO in vitro. Importantly, despite the presence of intracellular capsules, there was no significant impact on the viability of cells. We studied the impact of different capsules on the cytokine profile of DC and MO, known to be important for the polarization of T-cell immunity. None of the capsules elicited change in cytokine secretion from DC. Furthermore, capsules did not alter the polarization of either M1 or M2 MO subsets as determined by the balance of IL-12 and IL-10 secretion. These data support the notion that PEGylated polymer capsules loaded with nanoparticles have the potential to remain immunologically silent as they do not activate APC and neither do they hinder the response of DC or MO to pathogen activating signals. These systems, therefore, exhibit promising characteristics for bioimaging applications. KEYWORDS: PEGylated polymer capsules, M1 and M2 macrophages, dendritic cells, immune respons

Synthesis and biological evaluation of thiazolidinedione derivatives of chalcones and flavones as antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic agents

A series of chalcone and flavone derivatives (6a-d, 9a-f) based on 2,4-thiazolidinedione have been synthesized and evaluated for in vivo antihyperglycemic activity in sucrose loaded (SLM) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic animal models and also for antidyslipidemic activity in the triton model. Compounds 9d, 9e, and 9f exhibited potent blood glucose-lowering activity in both SLM and STZ models. Compounds 6c, 6d, and 9c, 9e, and 9f showed moderate lipid-lowering activity. The selected most potent compounds 6d and 9e were also studied in db/db mice for both antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activity

Synthesis and biological evaluation of thiazolidinedione derivatives of chalcones and flavones as antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic agents

579-588A series of chalcone and flavone derivatives (6a-d, 9a-f) based on 2,4-thiazolidinedione have been synthesized and evaluated for in vivo antihyperglycemic activity in sucrose loaded (SLM) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic animal models and also for antidyslipidemic activity in the triton model. Compounds 9d, 9e, and 9f exhibited potent blood glucose-lowering activity in both SLM and STZ models. Compounds 6c, 6d, and 9c, 9e, and 9f showed moderate lipid-lowering activity. The selected most potent compounds 6d and 9e were also studied in db/db mice for both antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activity