Moment Closures for Fusion Optimization

Turbulent heat loss in a fusion reactor limits its ability to confine heat and produce fusion energy. Exploring tokamak parameters to find configurations that minimize turbulent trans- port will help us optimize fusion reactors. However, exploring efficiently and accurately is a challenge. Gyrokinetic models can accurately calculate turbulence but are too expensive to explore a broad parameter space with. Gyrofluid models are cheap, but they rely on moment closures that break down in the presence of turbulence. In order to develop a fast and accurate model to explore with, we will need robust closures that correctly capture nonlinear kinetic effects. As a starting point, we have developed such a closure for a simplified nonlinear gyrokinetic system, DNA (Hatch et al.), which models ITG turbulence in an unsheared slab. Numer- ical tests in the DNA simulation show that out new Dynami Multi-Mode (DMM) closure out performs standard closures and extrapolates to different parameter regimes.Physic

Altered high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG) and anthropometric measurements in normal, overweight and obese under graduate medical students

Background:Obesity has reached epidemic proportions inIndia, affecting 5% of the country’s population. Urbanization and modernization has been associated with obesity in population of younger generation. The aim of the study was to find out variation in metabolic indicators (HDL, TG and anthropometric measurements) of normal overweight and obese undergraduate medical students.Methods:Total of 194 students took part in this study. Their height, weight and waist circumference were measured by standard methods. Their serum was estimated for HDL, TG and, fasting sugar on fully automatic Vitros 250 dry chemistry analyser from Orthoclinical diagnostics from Johnson & Johnson USA.Results:Over all females students were more overweight (Females 16% and Males 8%) and obese (F 18%, M 9%) as compared to males. Blood pressure, weight, waist circumference, HDL, and TG levels were more in overweight and obese group as compared to normal group.Conclusion:The results of the current study have shown an increasing trend of obesity and derangement of metabolic indicators among under graduate medical students

LIQUID BIOPSY: THERANOSTICS AND PERSONALIZED ONCOLOGY

Cancer is linked with mutated genes, and the study of tumor-associated genetic alterations is gradually used for diagnostic and treatment purposes. The solid tumors are now obtained from biopsy and/or surgical or biopsy specimens. Tumor cells release circulating free DNA into the blood, but the majority of circulating DNA are often not of cancerous origin, and the detection of cancer-associated alleles in the blood has long been unbearable to achieve. Modern science has overwhelmed these restrictions, making it possible to identify both genetic and epigenetic aberrations. A liquid biopsy (LB) or blood sample can provide the genetic landscape of all cancerous lesions (primary and metastases) as well as offering the opportunity to systematically track genomic evolution. This communication will explore how LB is associated with personalized oncology to predict response to treatments and the development of acquired resistance

Renewable energy resources in South Asian countries: Challenges,policy and recommendations

In South Asia, a number of developing countries like India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, Afghanistan and Maldives are looking into inexhaustible and repeatable alternative energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro and biomass. Geographically, South Asian countries are located in a region of different climatic conditions such as tropical, humid etc. which provides easy access to a variety of renewable energy sources. The governments of South Asian countries have initiated renewable energy policies to encourage industries and individuals to employ renewable energy powered systems in power applications. This article provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the renewable energy status in the South Asian countries, and it includes an assessment of the region's renewable potential, current installed renewable energy capacity. This paper gives a brief description about energy scenario, renewable energy potential and challenges in South Asian countries. The study also provides the renewable energy policies and recommendation in South Asian countries

Solar PV and BIPV system: Barrier, challenges and policy recommendation in India

India receives sun's energy over 300 days a year most of the time. About 5000 trillion kWh per year sun's energy is incident over India's land area. Theoretically, a small fraction of total incident solar energy can meet the entire country's power requirements. There are many government schemes to promote solar power generation. The government of India initiated solar PV/BIPV policies to encourage industries and individuals to use solar energy powered systems for electricity generations. This article provides an overview of the solar energy status and application of BIPV system in India. It includes an assessment of the region's solar energy potential and solar PV/BIPV installed capacity. This paper gives a brief description barriers and challenges facing solar BIPV development in India. This study also provides the solar PV/BIPV policies and recommendations with reference to the Indian context

Effect of soil on microbial diversity of flora and fauna in ecosystem

Soil is a complex and dynamic biological system. We are limited in the determination of microbial mediated reactions because present assays for determining the overall rate of entire metabolic processes (such as respiration) or specific enzyme activities (such as urease, protease and phosphomonoesterase activity) do not allow any identification of the microbial species directly involved in the measured processes. The central problem posed by the link between microbial diversity and soil function is to understand the relations between genetic diversity and community structure and between community structure and function. Soil seems to be characterized by a redundancy of functions; for example, no relationship has been shown to exist between microbial diversity and decomposition of organic matter. Generally, a reduction in any group of species has little effect on overall processes in soil because other microorganisms can take on its function

Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (Abernethy malformation): An international observational study

Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (CEPS) or Abernethy malformation is a rare condition in which splanchnic venous blood bypasses the liver draining directly into systemic circulation through a congenital shunt. Patients may develop hepatic encephalopathy (HE), pulmonary hypertension (PaHT), or liver tumors, among other complications. However, the actual incidence of such complications is unknown, mainly because of the lack of a protocolized approach to these patients. This study characterizes the clinical manifestations and outcome of a large cohort of CEPS patients with the aim of proposing a guide for their management. This is an observational, multicenter, international study. Sixty-six patients were included; median age at the end of follow-up was 30 years. Nineteen patients (28%) presented HE. Ten-, 20-, and 30-year HE incidence rates were 13%, 24%, and 28%, respectively. No clinical factors predicted HE. Twenty-five patients had benign nodular lesions. Ten patients developed adenomas (median age, 18 years), and another 8 developed HCC (median age, 39 years). Of 10 patients with dyspnea, PaHT was diagnosed in 8 and hepatopulmonary syndrome in 2. Pulmonary complications were only screened for in 19 asymptomatic patients, and PaHT was identified in 2. Six patients underwent liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma or adenoma. Shunt closure was performed in 15 patients with improvement/stability/cure of CEPS manifestations. Conclusion: CEPS patients may develop severe complications. Screening for asymptomatic complications and close surveillance is needed. Shunt closure should be considered both as a therapeutic and prophylactic approach

Recent Advancement in BIPV Product Technologies: A Review

Application of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technology in the building envelope gives an aesthetical and modern appearance. BIPV is a practical, innovative and promising technology for net zero emission buildings. This paper introduces the best in class of the BIPV products and their properties along with international guidelines and testing standards. BIPV products for rooftops, façades and windows have been highlighted in this paper. The properties of BIPV products incorporate solar PV efficiency, Voc, Isc, Pmax and fill factor (FF). The life cycle sustainable assessment of BIPV module has been reviewed by examining energy payback time and GHG emission