789 research outputs found
Multilink and AUV-Assisted Energy-Efficient Underwater Emergency Communications
Recent development in wireless communications has provided many reliable
solutions to emergency response issues, especially in scenarios with
dysfunctional or congested base stations. Prior studies on underwater emergency
communications, however, remain under-studied, which poses a need for combining
the merits of different underwater communication links (UCLs) and the
manipulability of unmanned vehicles. To realize energy-efficient underwater
emergency communications, we develop a novel underwater emergency communication
network (UECN) assisted by multiple links, including underwater light,
acoustic, and radio frequency links, and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs)
for collecting and transmitting underwater emergency data. First, we determine
the optimal emergency response mode for an underwater sensor node (USN) using
greedy search and reinforcement learning (RL), so that isolated USNs (I-USNs)
can be identified. Second, according to the distribution of I-USNs, we dispatch
AUVs to assist I-USNs in data transmission, i.e., jointly optimizing the
locations and controls of AUVs to minimize the time for data collection and
underwater movement. Finally, an adaptive clustering-based multi-objective
evolutionary algorithm is proposed to jointly optimize the number of AUVs and
the transmit power of I-USNs, subject to a given set of constraints on transmit
power, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs), outage probabilities,
and energy, which achieves the best tradeoff between the maximum emergency
response time (ERT) and the total energy consumption (EC). Simulation results
indicate that our proposed approach outperforms benchmark schemes in terms of
energy efficiency (EE), contributing to underwater emergency communications.Comment: 15 page
Housing development and urbanisation in China
Rapid urbanisation and rising income have led to a strong demand for housing in urban China. However, housing development has been distorted by speculation, income inequality and lack of government support for low-cost houses. In recent years, house prices become so high, making the vast majority of urban residents unable to afford, whereas rich families are able to buy many and leave them vacant. Income inequality is a major cause for rising house prices, which, in turn, exaggerates income inequality further. This vicious relationship has caused social tension between the rich and the poor and unhappiness among the middle- and low-income groups. This paper discusses the factors responsible for the housing bubble in China and recommends appropriate policies to resolve this problem
Dynamic Structure in Four-strategy Game: Theory and Experiment
Game dynamics theory, as a field of science, the consistency of theory and
experiment is essential. In the past 10 years, important progress has been made
in the merging of the theory and experiment in this field, in which dynamics
cycle is the presentation. However, the merging works have not got rid of the
constraints of Euclidean two-dimensional cycle so far. This paper uses a
classic four-strategy game to study the dynamic structure (non-Euclidean
superplane cycle). The consistency is in significant between the three ways:
(1) the analytical results from evolutionary dynamics equations, (2)
agent-based simulation results from learning models and (3) laboratory results
from human subjects game experiments. The consistency suggests that, game
dynamic structure could be quantitatively predictable, observable and
controllable in general.Comment: game theory; laboratory game experiment; eigenvector; dynamics system
theor
Single-file Movement of Ants Stressed by a High Temperature
Single-file movement is a universal pattern in both nature and human society. In this paper, we investigate single-file movement of ants (Camponotus japonicus) driven by a high temperature in a narrow channel. Here, ants were placed in a chamber. The chamber was connected to a narrow channel which was 10 cm long and 0.6 cm wide so that the ants can escape through it one by one. Both chamber and narrow channel were in high temperature environment. In the channel, the random pause was observed due to the characteristic of ants. Moreover, ants were inclined to following the preceding one and trying to overtake it, which is different from the movement in natural investigation. On the other hand, the speed increased with distance headway when the distance headway is less than 0.26 cm, that is less than the body size of an ant. Furthermore, touching phenomenon was observed. When the following ants touched the preceding one, they could reduce speed, stop or move backward. On the contrary, the preceding ants increased their speed. Thus, the touching effect in multiple ants experiment can enhance the evacuation efficiency
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