ヒドウジョウミャク オ オンゾン シタ ヒオンゾン ビソクスイ セツジョジュツ ショウカカン ニュウセン シュジュツゴ ノ ヒゾウ ノ タイセキ ヘンカ

Aim: There is a paucity of information about changes in splenic volume after surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate postoperative changes in splenic volume（SV）and the factors influencing SV after spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy（SPDP）with conservation of the splenic artery and vein （CSAV）, and after surgery of the digestive tract and breast.Methods: We investigated 113 patients who underwent SPDP with CSAV（n=7）, breast surgery （n=24）, colorectal surgery（n=45）, distal gastrectomy（n=27）and total gastrectomy（n=10）. SV changes were determined for three years after surgery using volumetry based on computed tomographic imaging, and splenic vein diameter changes after SPDP with CSAV were also determined.Results: Splenic vein diameter after SPDP with CSAV did not change during 3 years. SV did not change significantly during 3 years after SPDP with CSAV and distal gastrectomy. After breast and colorectal surgery, and total gastrectomy, SV was decreased.Conclusions: Postoperative SV changes differed according to the type of surgery. SV did not change significantly during 3 years after SPDP with CSAV

Influence of Repeated Odor Adaptation Experience on the Olfactory Response

Recent studies have reported that essential oils and fragrances sprayed indoors affect psychologica evaluation and intellectual productivity. However, the effects of long-term exposure to fragrances on the human body have not been well studied, and there are still many unresolved issues. Therefore, in this study, the effects of repeated exposure to fragrances on changes in the perception of fragrances as a study for long-term operation of fragrance environments were investigated. In order to investigate the effect of fragrance repetition on threshold and odor perception, a panel experiment with 19 subjects was conducted using rosemary essential oil and scatole. The Rosemary was be exposed and the Scatole was not. The conditions were repetition frequency of adaptation. Regarding thresholds, several panels showed an increase in thresholds for rosemary with exposure and a decrease in thresholds for scatole, indicating a long-term acclimation trend due to repeated exposure to fragrances. As for the subjective evaluation of fragrance, the evaluation of fragrance preference and pleasantness/ unpleasantness tended to change to the neutral side in the case of lower frequency and longer duration. In the future, experiments that tend to increase the number of conditions of the frequencies and duration of repeated exposure will be conducted

Correlation between Microstructural Change and Irradiation Hardening Behavior of He-Irradiated V–Cr–Ti Alloys with Low Ti Addition

V–4Cr–xTi (x = 0 to 4) alloys were used to investigate the additional effect of Cr, Ti and interstitial impurities on the microstructural evolution in He-irradiated V–Cr–Ti alloys to minimize radioactivity after fusion neutron irradiation. Transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography were carried out to the He-irradiated specimens at 500 °C with 0.5 dpa at peak damage. A flash electro-polishing method for the FIB-extracted specimen was established for the ion-irradiated vanadium alloys. The microstructural evolution of the irradiation-induced titanium-oxycarbonitride, Ti(CON) precipitates was observed and was influenced by the effect of Ti addition on the Ti(CON) precipitation. Apparent Ti(CON) precipitates formed in V-4Cr-xTi with 2% addition of Ti. In the V-4Cr-1Ti alloy, a high density Ti enriched cluster was formed. The origin of the irradiation hardening increase resulted from the size distribution of Ti(CON) precipitation from the dispersed barrier-hardening theory