Three novel oligosaccharides synthesized using Thermoanaerobacter brockii kojibiose phosphorylase

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Recently synthesized novel oligosaccharides have been produced primarily by hydrolases and glycosyltransferases, while phosphorylases have also been subject of few studies. Indeed, phosphorylases are expected to give good results via their reversible reaction. The purpose of this study was to synthesis other novel oligosaccharides using kojibiose phosphorylase.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Three novel oligosaccharides were synthesized by glucosyltransfer from β-D-glucose 1-phosphate (β-D-G1P) to xylosylfructoside [<it>O</it>-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside] using <it>Thermoanaerobacter brockii </it>kojibiose phosphorylase. These oligosaccharides were isolated using carbon-Celite column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography. Gas liquid chromatography analysis of methyl derivatives, MALDI-TOF MS and NMR measurements were used for structural characterisation. The ¹H and ¹³C NMR signals of each saccharide were assigned using 2D-NMR including COSY (correlated spectroscopy), HSQC (herteronuclear single quantum coherence), CH₂-selected E-HSQC (CH₂-selected Editing-HSQC), HSQC-TOCSY (HSQC-total correlation spectroscopy) and HMBC (heteronuclear multiple bond correlation).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The structure of three synthesized saccharides were determined, and these oligosaccharides have been identified as <it>O</it>-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-<it>O</it>-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside (saccharide <b>1</b>), <it>O</it>-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-<it>O</it>-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-<it>O</it>-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside (saccharide <b>2</b>) and <it>O</it>-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→[2-<it>O</it>-α-D-glucopyranosyl-1]₂→2)-<it>O</it>-α-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside (saccharide <b>3</b>).</p

Experimental Demonstrations of Native Implementation of Boolean Logic Hamiltonian in a Superconducting Quantum Annealer

Experimental demonstrations of quantum annealing with native implementation of Boolean logic Hamiltonians are reported. As a superconducting integrated circuit, a problem Hamiltonian whose set of ground states is consistent with a given truth table is implemented for quantum annealing with no redundant qubits. As examples of the truth table, NAND and NOR are successfully fabricated as an identical circuit. Similarly, a native implementation of a multiplier comprising six superconducting flux qubits is also demonstrated. These native implementations of Hamiltonians consistent with Boolean logic provide an efficient and scalable way of applying annealing computation to so-called circuit satisfiability problems that aim to find a set of inputs consistent with a given output over any Boolean logic functions, especially those like factorization through a multiplier Hamiltonian. A proof-of-concept demonstration of a hybrid computing architecture for domain-specific quantum computing is described.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure

λ/4バン ノ フカンゼンセイ ノ ヨウイン ニツイテ

Actual phase retardation plates have imperfections in the amplitude transmission ratio and the phase retardation. We discuss the imperfection factors of quarter-wave plates made of mica and quartz. We evidence that a mica retardation plate has its imperfections due to the internal reflections in the mica plate. We also consider the mismatching of the neultral axes between the first and the second quartz plate as the imperfection factors of the First-Order retardation plates of quartz

Html ト Java ニヨル ブツリガク デンシ テキスト ノ サクセイ

The development and the diffusion of the personal computer have opened new possibilities in the field of education. The computer simulations enable the student to understand the essence of the phenomenon visually and intuitively. Video clips that represent the demonstration experiments will attract the interest of the student for the natural phenomenon. Multimedia and Internet will also give a great contribution to the field of education. We have produced a hypertext of physics for freshmen. The text is written in Html (Hyper Text Markup Language) and can be seen by using an internet browser Netscape, Internet Explore and so on. The hypertext consists of not only a text including figures and photos but also simulations and video clips. The simulation programs are described with Java and they also can be operated on the internet browsers

Photon-counting CT: technical features and clinical impact on abdominal imaging

The version of record of this article, first published in Abdominal Radiology, is available online at Publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-024-04414-5.Photon-counting CT has a completely different detector mechanism than conventional energy-integrating CT. In the photon-counting detector, X-rays are directly converted into electrons and received as electrical signals. Photon-counting CT provides virtual monochromatic images with a high contrast-to-noise ratio for abdominal CT imaging and may improve the ability to visualize small or low-contrast lesions. In addition, photon-counting CT may offer the possibility of reducing radiation dose. This review provides an overview of the actual clinical operation of photon-counting CT and its diagnostic utility in abdominal imaging. We also describe the clinical implications of photon-counting CT including imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver metastases, hepatic steatosis, pancreatic cancer, intraductal mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas, and thrombus

Structural analysis of three novel trisaccharides isolated from the fermented beverage of plant extracts

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A fermented beverage of plant extracts was prepared from about fifty kinds of vegetables and fruits. Natural fermentation was carried out mainly by lactic acid bacteria (<it>Leuconostoc </it>spp.) and yeast (<it>Zygosaccharomyces </it>spp. and <it>Pichia </it>spp.). We have previously examined the preparation of novel four trisaccharides from the beverage: <it>O</it>-β-D-fructopyranosyl-(2->6)-<it>O</it>-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-D-glucopyranose, <it>O</it>-β-D-fructopyranosyl-(2->6)-<it>O</it>-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)]-D-glucopyranose, <it>O</it>-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->1)-<it>O</it>-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2<->1)-α-D-glucopyranoside and <it>O</it>-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->1)-<it>O</it>-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2<->1)- α-D-glucopyranoside.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Three further novel oligosaccharides have been found from this beverage and isolated from the beverage using carbon-Celite column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography. Structural confirmation of the saccharides was provided by methylation analysis, MALDI-TOF-MS and NMR measurements.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The following novel trisaccharides were identified: <it>O</it>-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-<it>O</it>-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (named "3^G-β-D-glucopyranosyl β, β-isosucrose"), <it>O</it>-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-<it>O</it>-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)]-D-glucopyranose (4¹-β-D-glucopyranosyl sophorose) and <it>O</it>-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->6)-<it>O</it>-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-D-glucopyranose (6²-β-D-fructofuranosyl laminaribiose).</p

ジドウブンコウ ヘンコウ カイセキソウチ ノ シサク

An automatic spectroscopic ellipsometer of a rotating analyzer type is described, which is able to determine the optical constants of the samples in the spectral range of 370 nm to 800 nm. The elliPsometer is fully controlled by the micro computer and the spectroscopic measurements are accomplished automatically following the program. As the preliminary experiments,we carried out the measurements of the optical constants of the thick evaporated Au films in the spectral range of 450 nm to 750 nm. The experimental results almost agreed with those of Schulz and Bashara et al in the literature, except for the samples that were seriously affected by the residual gas in the evaporation. We also carried out the measurements of SiO_2 and MgF_2 films on Si wafer at the two wavelengths of 546 nm and 633 nm. The thickness of those films could be determined consistently in each wavelength