Time-reversed two-photon interferometry for phase super-resolution

We observed two-photon phase super-resolution in an unbalanced Michelson interferometer with classical Gaussian laser pulses. Our work is a time-reversed version of a two-photon interference experiment using an unbalanced Michelson interferometer. A measured interferogram exhibits two-photon phase super-resolution with a high visibility of 97.9% \pm 0.4%. Its coherence length is about 22 times longer than that of the input laser pulses. It is a classical analogue to the large difference between the one- and two-photon coherence lengths of entangled photon pairs.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Observation of nonlinear variations in three-vertex geometric phase in two-photon polarization qutrit

We experimentally observed nonlinear variations in the three-vertex geometric phase in a two- photon polarization qutrit. The three-vertex geometric phase is defined by three quantum states, which generally forms a three-state (qutrit) system. By changing one of the three constituent states, we observed two rapid increases in the three-vertex geometric phase. The observed variations are inherent in a three-state system and cannot be observed in a two-state system. We used a time-reversed two-photon interferometer to measure the geometric phase with much more intense signals than those of a typical two-photon interferometer.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Effect of HDL composition and particle size on the resistance of HDL to the oxidation

Peer reviewe

Incidence of endocrine-related immune-related adverse events in Japanese subjects with various types of cancer

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, and programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, are often used to treat a variety of malignancies. ICIs are known to cause endocrine-related immune-related adverse events (irAEs), but the incidence varies among reports and/or agents. This study evaluated the incidence of endocrine-related irAEs in patients who were treated with ICIs in Japan.MethodThis single-center, retrospective, observational study examined the incidence and clinical characteristics of endocrine-related irAEs in 466 participants who were treated with ICIs at Kawasaki Medical School Hospital.ResultThe mean age of participants with and without endocrine-related irAEs was 69.1 ± 1.8 years and 68.1 ± 1.1 years, respectively, with no difference between them. The overall incidence of any endocrine-related irAEs among the participants was 25.5%. Hypothyroidism was prevalent in 24.3%, hypoadrenocorticism in 3.2%, hypopituitarism in 0.9%, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in 1.1%. Participants receiving combination therapy with CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors had a significantly higher incidence of endocrine-related irAEs than those receiving monotherapy.ConclusionEndocrine-related irAEs correlated significantly with survival and mean observation period. There was substantial difference in the incidence of endocrine-related irAEs among various types of ICIs and types of cancer. We should bear in mind that endocrine testing is necessary during the treatment with ICIs

Genome-wide Association Study of Long COVID

SummaryInfections can lead to persistent or long-term symptoms and diseases such as shingles after varicella zoster, cancers after human papillomavirus, or rheumatic fever after streptococcal infections1, 2. Similarly, infection by SARS-CoV-2 can result in Long COVID, a condition characterized by symptoms of fatigue and pulmonary and cognitive dysfunction3–5. The biological mechanisms that contribute to the development of Long COVID remain to be clarified. We leveraged the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative6, 7to perform a genome-wide association study for Long COVID including up to 6,450 Long COVID cases and 1,093,995 population controls from 24 studies across 16 countries. We identified the first genome-wide significant association for Long COVID at theFOXP4locus.FOXP4has been previously associated with COVID-19 severity6, lung function8, and cancers9, suggesting a broader role for lung function in the pathophysiology of Long COVID. While we identify COVID-19 severity as a causal risk factor for Long COVID, the impact of the genetic risk factor located in theFOXP4locus could not be solely explained by its association to severe COVID-19. Our findings further support the role of pulmonary dysfunction and COVID-19 severity in the development of Long COVID.</jats:p

Pulmonary tumor embolism in a case of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The original publication is available at www.springerlink.co