78 research outputs found
Monoidally Graded Geometry
We give a generalization of the theory of -graded manifolds to
a theory of -graded manifolds, where is a
commutative semi-ring with some additional properties. We prove Bachelor-type
theorems in this generalized setting. To our knowledge, such proofs are still
missing except for some special cases.Comment: 14 page
A note on the Bloch representation of absolutely maximally entangled states
The absolutely maximally entangled (AME) states play key roles in quantum
information processing. We provide an explicit expression of the generalized
Bloch representation of AME states for general dimension of individual
subsystems and arbitrary number of partite . Based on this analytic formula,
we prove that the trace of the squared support for any given weight is given by
the so-called hyper-geometric function and is irrelevant with the choices of
the subsystems. The optimal point for the existence of AME states is obtained
Variational aspects of the generalized Seiberg-Witten functional
In this paper, as a step towards a unified mathematical treatment of the
gauge functionals from quantum field theory that have found profound
applications in mathematics, we generalize the Seiberg-Witten functional that
in particular includes the Kapustin-Witten functional as a special case. We
first demonstrate the smoothness of weak solutions to this generalized
functional. We then establish the existence of weak solutions under the
assumption that the structure group of the bundle is abelian, by verifying the
Palais-Smale compactness.Comment: 23 page
A coadjoint orbit-like construction for Jordan superalgebras
We investigate the canonical pseudo-Riemannian metrics associated with
Jordan-analogues of the coadjoint orbits for pseudo-Euclidean Jordan
superalgebras.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figur
ADEPT: Automatic Differentiable DEsign of Photonic Tensor Cores
Photonic tensor cores (PTCs) are essential building blocks for optical
artificial intelligence (AI) accelerators based on programmable photonic
integrated circuits. PTCs can achieve ultra-fast and efficient tensor
operations for neural network (NN) acceleration. Current PTC designs are either
manually constructed or based on matrix decomposition theory, which lacks the
adaptability to meet various hardware constraints and device specifications. To
our best knowledge, automatic PTC design methodology is still unexplored. It
will be promising to move beyond the manual design paradigm and "nurture"
photonic neurocomputing with AI and design automation. Therefore, in this work,
for the first time, we propose a fully differentiable framework, dubbed ADEPT,
that can efficiently search PTC designs adaptive to various circuit footprint
constraints and foundry PDKs. Extensive experiments show superior flexibility
and effectiveness of the proposed ADEPT framework to explore a large PTC design
space. On various NN models and benchmarks, our searched PTC topology
outperforms prior manually-designed structures with competitive matrix
representability, 2-30x higher footprint compactness, and better noise
robustness, demonstrating a new paradigm in photonic neural chip design. The
code of ADEPT is available at https://github.com/JeremieMelo/ADEPT using the
https://github.com/JeremieMelo/pytorch-onn (TorchONN) library.Comment: Accepted to ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC), 202
Preeclampsia and syncytiotrophoblast membrane extracellular vesicles (STB-EVs)
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive complication of pregnancy that affects 2–8% of women worldwide and is one of the leading causes of maternal deaths and premature birth. PE can occur early in pregnancy (34 weeks gestation). Whilst the placenta is clearly implicated in early onset PE (EOPE), late onset PE (LOPE) is less clear with some believing the disease is entirely maternal whilst others believe that there is an interplay between maternal systems and the placenta. In both types of PE, the syncytiotrophoblast (STB), the layer of the placenta in direct contact with maternal blood, is stressed. In EOPE, the STB is oxidatively stressed in early pregnancy (leading to PE later in gestation- the two-stage model) whilst in LOPE the STB is stressed because of villous overcrowding and senescence later in pregnancy. It is this stress that perturbs maternal systems leading to the clinical manifestations of PE. Whilst some of the molecular species driving this stress have been identified, none completely explain the multisystem nature of PE. Syncytiotrophoblast membrane vesicles (STB-EVs) are a potential contributor to this multisystem disorder. STB-EVs are released into the maternal circulation in increasing amounts with advancing gestational age, and this release is further exacerbated with stress. There are good in vitro evidence that STB-EVs are taken up by macrophages and liver cells with additional evidence supporting endothelial cell uptake. STB-EV targeting remains in the early stages of discovery.
In this review, we highlight the role of STB-EVs in PE. In relation to current research, we discuss different protocols for ex vivo isolation of STB-EVs, as well as specific issues involving tissue preparation, isolation (some of which may be unique to STB-EVs), and methods for their analysis. We suggest potential solutions for these challenges
MicroRNA analysis of medium/large placenta extracellular vesicles in normal and preeclampsia pregnancies
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, affecting 2%–8% of pregnancies worldwide, and is the leading cause of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The disease is characterized by oxidative and cellular stress and widespread endothelial dysfunction. While the precise mechanisms are not entirely understood, the pathogenesis of PE is closely linked to placental dysfunction and, to some extent, syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicle release (STB-EVs). These vesicles can be divided into the less well-studied medium/large EVs (220–1,000 nm) released in response to stress and small EVs (<220 nm) released as a component of intercellular communication. The previously described production of m/lSTB-EVs in response to cellular stress combined with the overwhelming occurrence of cellular and oxidative stress in PE prompted us to evaluate the microRNAome of PE m/lSTB-EVs. We hypothesized that the microRNAome profile of m/lSTB-EVs is different in PE compared to normal pregnancy (NP), which might permit the identification of potential circulating biomarkers not previously described in PE.
Methods/study design: We performed small RNA sequencing on medium/large STB-EVs isolated from PE and NP placentae using dual-lobe ex vivo perfusion. The sequencing data was bioinformatically analyzed to identify differentially regulated microRNAs. Identified microRNAs were validated with quantitative PCR analysis. We completed our analysis by performing an in-silico prediction of STB-EV mechanistic pathways.
Results: We identified significant differences between PE and NP in the STB-EVs micro ribonucleic acid (microRNA) profiles. We verified the differential expression of hsa-miR-193b-5p, hsa-miR-324-5p, hsa-miR-652-3p, hsa-miR-3196, hsa-miR-9-5p, hsa-miR-421, and hsa-miR-210-3p in the medium/large STB-EVs. We also confirmed the differential abundance of hsa-miR-9-5p in maternal serum extracellular vesicles (S EVs). In addition, we integrated the results of these microRNAs into the previously published messenger RNA (mRNA) data to better understand the relationship between these biomolecules.
Conclusions: We identified a differentially regulated micro-RNA, hsa-miR-9-5p, that may have biomarker potential and uncovered mechanistic pathways that may be important in the pathophysiology of PE
A cross-sectional analysis of syncytiotrophoblast membrane extracellular vesicles–derived transcriptomic biomarkers in early-onset preeclampsia
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder affecting 2%–8% of pregnancies worldwide. Biomarker(s) for the disorder exists, but while these have excellent negative predictive value, their positive predictive value is poor. Extracellular vesicles released by the placenta into the maternal circulation, syncytiotrophoblast membrane extracellular vesicles (STB-EVs), have been identified as being involved in PE with the potential to act as liquid biopsies.
Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the difference in the transcriptome of placenta and STB-EVs between preeclampsia and normal pregnancy (NP) and mechanistic pathways.
Methods/study design: We performed RNA-sequencing on placental tissue, medium/large and small STB-EVs from PE (n = 6) and NP (n = 6), followed by bioinformatic analysis to identify targets that could be used in the future for EV-based diagnostic tests for preeclampsia. Some of the identified biomarkers were validated with real-time polymerase chain reactions.
Results: Our analysis identified a difference in the transcriptomic STB-EV cargo between PE and NP. We then identified and verified the differential expression of FLNB, COL17A1, SLC45A4, LEP, HTRA4, PAPP-A2, EBI3, HSD17B1, FSTL3, INHBA, SIGLEC6, and CGB3. Our analysis also identified interesting mechanistic processes via an in silico prediction of STB-EV-based mechanistic pathways.
Conclusions: In this study, using comprehensive profiling of differentially expressed/carried genes of three linked sample subtypes in PE, we identified potential biomarkers and mechanistic gene pathways that may be important in the pathophysiology of PE and could be further explored in future studies
Research landscape of energy transition and green finance: A bibliometric analysis
This study utilizes bibliometric analysis to examine historical and present research patterns in the area of energy transition and green finance and to forecast potential future domains. Using the bibliometric method, 328 scholarly articles from the Web of Science database were evaluated. This paper identifies influential publications, maps the research landscape, and forecasts emerging tendencies through co-citation and co-word analyses. Co-citation analysis found three main clusters, while co-word analysis revealed four main clusters. Despite the growing significance of research on energy transition and green finance research, further in-depth investigation is necessary to offer a thorough depiction of the research domain. This research represents a pioneering endeavour in the utilization of bibliometric analysis to investigate the interrelationship between two items. It offers valuable insights into the rapidly expanding field of energy transition and green finance, effectively highlighting its contours and indicating potential future developments
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