Reduction of voltage gated sodium channel protein in DRG by vector mediated miRNA reduces pain in rats with painful diabetic neuropathy

Abstract Background Painful neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes. Previous studies have identified significant increases in the amount of voltage gated sodium channel isoforms NaV1.7 and NaV1.3 protein in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. We found that gene transfer-mediated release of the inhibitory neurotransmitters enkephalin or gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) from DRG neurons in diabetic animals reduced pain-related behaviors coincident with a reduction in NaV1.7 protein levels in DRG in vivo. To further evaluate the role of NaVα subunit levels in DRG in the pathogenesis of pain in diabetic neuropathy, we constructed a non-replicating herpes simplex virus (HSV)-based vector expressing a microRNA (miRNA) against NaVα subunits. Results Subcutaneous inoculation of the miRNA-expressing HSV vector into the feet of diabetic rats to transduce DRG resulted in a reduction in NaVα subunit levels in DRG neurons, coincident with a reduction in cold allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical hyperalgesia. Conclusions These data support the role of increased NaVα protein in DRG in the pathogenesis of pain in diabetic neuropathy, and provide a proof-of-principle demonstration for the development of a novel therapy that could be used to treat intractable pain in patients with diabetic neuropathy.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112553/1/12990_2011_Article_484.pd

Novel composite meshes to evaluate their structural property and in vivo biocompatibility for tissue repair

Composite meshes of different types have been prepared and used for tissue repair in pelvic floor disorder. An interlocking texture mesh (inter-mesh) and a membrane coated mesh (electro-mesh) have been used based on their structural property and biocompatibility. The proportion of degradation material in inter-mesh (69.6%) is found extremely higher than that of electro-mesh (3.22%), thus leading to higher product weight (65.50±2.31 g/m2) and thickness (0.500±0.025 mm). After 4 weeks of implantation in animal experiment, inter-mesh with surrounding tissues is observed to have higher breaking strength in tensile behavoir and better flexibility. Tissues on inter-mesh are found to grow faster with larger thickness (0.76±0.033 mm). The surface area loss of inter-mesh (2.49±0.25%) is much less than that of electro-mesh (7.49±0.63 %) within the first 2 weeks of implantation. However, the material’s degradation is accelerated after 2 weeks, leading to a higher shrinkage of 13.12±1.48 %

Novel composite meshes to evaluate their structural property and in vivo biocompatibility for tissue repair

404-410Composite meshes of different types have been prepared and used for tissue repair in pelvic floor disorder. An interlocking texture mesh (inter-mesh) and a membrane coated mesh (electro-mesh) have been used based on their structural property and biocompatibility. The proportion of degradation material in inter-mesh (69.6%) is found extremely higher than that of electro-mesh (3.22%), thus leading to higher product weight (65.50±2.31 g/m2) and thickness (0.500±0.025 mm). After 4 weeks of implantation in animal experiment, inter-mesh with surrounding tissues is observed to have higher breaking strength in tensile behavoir and better flexibility. Tissues on inter-mesh are found to grow faster with larger thickness (0.76±0.033 mm). The surface area loss of inter-mesh (2.49±0.25%) is much less than that of electro-mesh (7.49±0.63 %) within the first 2 weeks of implantation. However, the material’s degradation is accelerated after 2 weeks, leading to a higher shrinkage of 13.12±1.48 %

Reduction of Voltage Gated Sodium Channel Protein in DRG by Vector Mediated miRNA Reduces Pain in Rats with Painful Diabetic Neuropathy

BackgroundPainful neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes. Previous studies have identified significant increases in the amount of voltage gated sodium channel isoforms NaV1.7 and NaV1.3 protein in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. We found that gene transfer-mediated release of the inhibitory neurotransmitters enkephalin or gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) from DRG neurons in diabetic animals reduced pain-related behaviors coincident with a reduction in NaV1.7 protein levels in DRG in vivo. To further evaluate the role of NaVα subunit levels in DRG in the pathogenesis of pain in diabetic neuropathy, we constructed a non-replicating herpes simplex virus (HSV)-based vector expressing a microRNA (miRNA) against NaVα subunits.ResultsSubcutaneous inoculation of the miRNA-expressing HSV vector into the feet of diabetic rats to transduce DRG resulted in a reduction in NaVα subunit levels in DRG neurons, coincident with a reduction in cold allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical hyperalgesia.ConclusionsThese data support the role of increased NaVα protein in DRG in the pathogenesis of pain in diabetic neuropathy, and provide a proof-of-principle demonstration for the development of a novel therapy that could be used to treat intractable pain in patients with diabetic neuropathy

Opportunity for marine fisheries reform in China

China's 13th Five-Year Plan, launched in March 2016, provides a sound policy platform for the protection of marine ecosystems and the restoration of capture fisheries within China's exclusive economic zone. What distinguishes China among many other countries striving for marine fisheries reform is its size- accounting for almost one-fifth of global catch volume-and the unique cultural context of its economic and resource management. In this paper, we trace the history of Chinese government priorities, policies, and outcomes related to marine fisheries since the 1978 Economic Reform, and examine how the current leadership's agenda for "ecological civilization" could successfully transform marine resource management in the coming years. We show how China, like many other countries, has experienced a decline in the average trophic level of its capture fisheries during the past few decades, and how its policy design, implementation, and enforcement have influenced the status of its wild fish stocks. To reverse the trend in declining fish stocks, the government is introducing a series of new programs for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture, with greater traceability and accountability in marine resource management and area controls on coastal development. As impressive as these new plans are on paper, we conclude that serious institutional reforms will be needed to achieve a true paradigm shift in marine fisheries management in China. In particular, we recommend new institutions for science-based fisheries management, secure fishing access, policy consistency across provinces, educational programs for fisheries managers, and increasing public access to scientific data.Additional co-authors: Yingqi Zhou, Ping Zhuang, and Rosamond L. Naylo

Study on the Relation between the Mn/Al Mixed Oxides Composition and Performance of FCC Sulfur Transfer Agent

A sulfur transfer agent in catalysts can effectively reduce the emission of SO2 with minimum adverse effects on the catalytic cracking ability of the primary catalyst. In this paper, the composition and performance of sulfur transfer agents with different oxidative active components (such as Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, Ba, Zn and Cr) were prepared by acid peptization technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and N2 adsorption-desorption technique. The relationship between the composition and performance of the new sulfur transfer agents was investigated and the regeneration and recycling of the agents were performed. The results indicates that copper is a very good desulfurization active component. Moreover, the presence of CO has no significant effect on the absorption ability of SO2 by the sulfur transfer agent

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Lindera aggregate

In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of Lindera aggregate (Sims) Kosterm., an important Chinese herbal medicine. The complete chloroplast genome with a size of 152,714 bp in length, contained two inverted repeats (IRa and IRb) regions of 20,090 bp each, which were separated by a large single copy (LSC, 93,743 bp) regions and a small single copy (SSC, 18,791 bp) regions, the overall GC content was 42.84%. The chloroplast genome contained 122 genes, 77 protein-coding, 37 tRNA, and 8 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic tree showed that Lindera aggregate (Sims) Kosterm. has a close relationship with Lindera chuni

Application and Realization of Plc Technology in Mechanical Electrical Control Device

Nowadays, both automation and computer technology have been greatly developed, and PLC technology is also widely used in the field of mechanical and electrical control because of the development of these technologies. PLC technology plays an important role in the digital mechanical production. It can not only improve the mechanical and electrical control devices, but also achieve the purpose of mechanical and electrical automation. As a mainstream technology, PLC has high technical level requirements for related configuration and operation. Therefore, the application of PLC technology has a very high implementation value. Researchers are constantly exploring and deepening PLC technology so that they can be efficiently applied to mechanical electrical control devices. Therefore, this paper briefly analyzes and discusses the application and implementation of PLC technology in mechanical and electrical control devices

Effects of dietary lipid and air replenisher on the growth and lipid deposition of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) confined underwater

In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary lipids (DL) on the growth and lipid deposition of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) confined underwater using various equipment. Three diets formulated with 6%, 13%, and 20% DL (F6, F13, and F20) were fed to the fish. Fish (initial weight: 75.01 ± 1.36 g) in each dietary group were randomly cultured in three equipment groups: the control group; the submergence group, in which mesh and airstones were used to keep the experimental fish from the water surface; and the replenisher group, in which an air replenisher and airstones were utilized under the mesh. The results of this 70-day study showed that the growth and crude lipid content of the steelhead trout fish body increased significantly with increasing DL levels. No significant differences were observed in the liver among the different equipment groups, whereas the lipid contents in the muscle and the viscerosomatic index significantly decreased in the submerged group fed F20. The fitted curve analysis showed that the energy expenditure of continuous swimming and the success of replenishing the swim bladder may determine the strategy adopted by trout to cope with negative buoyancy. If the swim bladder was easily replenished, steelhead trout tended to convert excess energy into lipid stored in muscles, thereby reducing body density and maintaining neutral buoyancy. Otherwise, trout must burn lipid in their muscles to ensure energy supply to keep swimming for lift. We concluded that a high-lipid diet compensated for the loss of the energy used in resistance to negative buoyancy, and growth performance of steelhead trout improved