ON MULTIPLICATIVE LIE n-HIGHER DERIVATIONS OF TRIANGULAR ALGEBRAS

Let $\mathrm{R}$ be a commutative ring with unity, $\mathrm{A},\mathrm{B}$ be $\mathrm{R}$-algebras and $\mathrm{M}$ be an $(\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B})$-bimodule. Let $\mathfrak{T}=Tri(\mathrm{A},\mathrm{M},\mathrm{B})$ be a $(n-1)$-torsion free triangular algebra. In this article, we prove that every multiplicative Lie $n$-higher derivation on triangular algebras has the standard form. Also, the main result is applied to some classical examples of triangular algebras such as upper triangular matrix algebras and nest algebras

Synergistic Analgesic Effects of Ginger, Colchicum, and Nux Vomica Extracts in a Unani Polyherbal Combination

Ginger, colchicum, and detoxified nux vomica extracts are combined in an effective dose ratio to evaluate analgesic activity. This combination has not been previously utilized by Unani practitioners. Three unprocessed herbs (Ginger, Colchicum, and Nux vomica) were separated using hydro-alcoholic (50-50%) and aqueous solvents. Every extract, including aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts, had its established LD50. To create aqueous and hydro-alcoholic dosage forms, the corresponding extracts were now combined in an efficient dosage ratio. Analgesic effectiveness of both formulations (aqueous and hydro-alcoholic) is assessed using Eddy\u27s hot plate test, analgesiometer test, and formalin test. The reference drug diclofenac sodium was used to examine the effectiveness. The groups administered either the standard dose or the test drug had the highest increase in reaction time at 120 minutes in Eddy\u27s hot plate test. The degree of significance was p<0.001 with a larger dose of aqueous extract (1100 mg/kg), therefore maximum tolerance of pain was observed. The combination containing the larger dose of hydro-alcoholic extract (580 mg/kg) had the longest reaction time (4.97 seconds) on the analgesiometer at 75 minutes. The flinches at 14.81 seconds in the formalin test were considerably lessened by the larger dose of the aqueous extract (1100 mg/kg) than by the lower dose (P<0.05). In summary, our research validates the analgesic properties of polyherbal extracts combination. As a result, when used together, these medications have the potential to effectively treat acute, subacute, and chronic nociception. Thus, suitable dosage formulations for the treatment of algesia may be created in the future

Combinde And Comparative Biochemical And Behavioral Assessment Of Delphinium Denudatum And Amaranthus Spinosus For Anti-Stress, Nootropic And Antioxidant Activities

Background: Stress defined as an imprecise reaction of the body to any kind of stimuli on it and disturbs normal physiological condition, threatened homeostasis. Stress causes decline in health by disturbing behaviour, physical and hormonal system of the body. Methods: The test drugs Dephinium denudatum root and Amaranthus spinoses leaves were defatted with petroleum ether (60-80 0C) and then extracted with hydroalcohlic solvent (Ethanol 95%, v/v: water, 1:1) by soxhlation process. The hydroalcohlic extract of both the drugs singly and in combinations was evaluated for experimental activity in Wistar albino rats in the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg by using different anti-stress tests like Swimming endurance and post swimming muscle coordination test (physical stress), Immobilization stress test and Anoxia stress tolerance test, antioxidant activity by DPPH, Reducing power methods, Nitric oxide scavenging activity, and H2O2  assay method and nootropic activity was done by Elevated plus maze test, Morris water maze test and estimation of Acetylcholine esterase level. Results: In the dose dependent manner, both the hydroalcohlic extracts and combination of the higher doses produced the anti-stress activity, antioxidant and nootropic activities. Conclusion: Hydroalcohlic extracts of Dephinium denudatum root, Amaranthus spinoses leaves and combination of both the drugs may act as anti-stress, antioxidant and nootropic agents in rats. Amaranthus spinoses was found to be more effective compare to the Dephinium denudatum

DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS

(SUMMARY) Aim: To determine common pathogens isolated in diabetic foot ulcers &amp; in vitro antimicrobial activity. Setting:Muhammad Medical College Hospital, Mirpurkhas and Liaquat University of Medical &amp; Health Sciences Jamshoro. Period: 1s t November2007 to 30th June 2008. Research Methodology: Pus samples for bacterial culture were collected from 60 patients admitted with diabeticfoot infections. Anti-microbial susceptibility testing of aerobic isolates was performed by the standard disc diffusion method as recommendedby the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Microbroth dilution test was arranged for susceptibility of anaerobic organismsto metronidazole and amoxicillin/clavulanate. A vancomycin screen agar (6 Lig/ml) was used to detect vancomycin intermediate isolatesof Staphylococci. Results: Clinical grading and bacteriological study of 60 patients revealed, 44 (73.33%) patients had gram-negativeorganisms, &amp; Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common. While 16 (26.66%) patients had gram-positive organisms &amp; Staphylococciwas the most common organism. Infection with anaerobes was observed in one patient (1.66%). Both gram-positive and -negative organismswere seen in 8 (13.33%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa &amp; S.aureus exhibited a high frequency of resistance to the antibiotics tested. All theisolates were uniformly susceptible to fosfomycin, levofloxacin, amikacin and vancomycin. Conclusions: Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Proteus were the most common causes of diabetic foot infectionsin this study. And the rate of antibiotic resistance was 66.66% among the isolates. All the isolates were uniformly susceptible to fosfomycin,levofloxacin, amikacin and vancomycin.</jats:p