2,489 research outputs found
Investigation of the antidepressant effects of Shu-Gan-Jie- Yu granule and its mechanism of action
Purpose: To study the antidepressant effects of Shu-Gan-Jie-Yu granule (SJG) and its possible mechanisms in mice.Methods: The anti-depressive effects of SJG were evaluated by three techniques, viz, forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and open field test (OFT). The levels of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE), DA, and 5-HT in the brains of depressive mice were determined using commercially available kits. In addition, the effects of SJG on the BDNF expression in the mice brain were determined by western blot.Results: Administration of SJG significantly reduced the duration time of immobility in the experiments of FST and TST. In addition, relative to the control mice, SJG (800 mg/kg) administration significantly affected the mobility performance (p < 0.05) of mice. The levels of the three neurotransmitters (DA, NE and 5-HT) and BDNF in the brains of depressive mice were increased by treatment with SJG at the doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg (p < 0.05). The results suggested that SJG exerted a significant antidepressant effect, which could be attributed to increases in the levels of neurotransmitters, and the up-regulation of BDNF expression.Conclusion: The results suggested that SJG exerted a significant antidepressant effect, most probably via regulation of related neurotransmitters (including DA, NE, and 5-HT) and BDNF in the brain.
Keywords: Shu-Gan-Jie-Yu granule, Antidepressant, dopamine, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, brain-derived neurotrophic facto
Achieving Covert Communication With A Probabilistic Jamming Strategy
In this work, we consider a covert communication scenario, where a
transmitter Alice communicates to a receiver Bob with the aid of a
probabilistic and uninformed jammer against an adversary warden's detection.
The transmission status and power of the jammer are random and follow some
priori probabilities. We first analyze the warden's detection performance as a
function of the jammer's transmission probability, transmit power distribution,
and Alice's transmit power. We then maximize the covert throughput from Alice
to Bob subject to a covertness constraint, by designing the covert
communication strategies from three different perspectives: Alice's
perspective, the jammer's perspective, and the global perspective. Our analysis
reveals that the minimum jamming power should not always be zero in the
probabilistic jamming strategy, which is different from that in the continuous
jamming strategy presented in the literature. In addition, we prove that the
minimum jamming power should be the same as Alice's covert transmit power,
depending on the covertness and average jamming power constraints. Furthermore,
our results show that the probabilistic jamming can outperform the continuous
jamming in terms of achieving a higher covert throughput under the same
covertness and average jamming power constraints
Emulating Reader Behaviors for Fake News Detection
The wide dissemination of fake news has affected our lives in many aspects,
making fake news detection important and attracting increasing attention.
Existing approaches make substantial contributions in this field by modeling
news from a single-modal or multi-modal perspective. However, these modal-based
methods can result in sub-optimal outcomes as they ignore reader behaviors in
news consumption and authenticity verification. For instance, they haven't
taken into consideration the component-by-component reading process: from the
headline, images, comments, to the body, which is essential for modeling news
with more granularity. To this end, we propose an approach of Emulating the
behaviors of readers (Ember) for fake news detection on social media,
incorporating readers' reading and verificating process to model news from the
component perspective thoroughly. Specifically, we first construct
intra-component feature extractors to emulate the behaviors of semantic
analyzing on each component. Then, we design a module that comprises
inter-component feature extractors and a sequence-based aggregator. This module
mimics the process of verifying the correlation between components and the
overall reading and verification sequence. Thus, Ember can handle the news with
various components by emulating corresponding sequences. We conduct extensive
experiments on nine real-world datasets, and the results demonstrate the
superiority of Ember.Comment: 12 page
Aqua[bis(2-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl-κN 3)methane]oxalatocopper(II) dihydrate
In the title compound, [Cu(C2O4)(C13H20N4)(H2O)]·2H2O, the CuII atom exhibits a distorted square-pyramidal geometry with the two N atoms of the imidazole ligand and the two O atoms of the oxalate ligand forming the basal plane, while the O atom of the coordinated water molecule is in an apical position. The CuII atom is shifted 0.232 (2) Å out of the basal plane toward the water molecule. The asymmetric unit is completed by two solvent water molecules. These water molecules participate in the formation of an intricate three-dimensionnal network of hydrogen bonds involving the coordinated water molecule and the NH groups
Bis[bis(2-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl-κN 3)methane](nitrato-κ2 O,O′)nickel(II) nitrate
In the title compound, [Ni(NO3)(C13H20N4)2]NO3, the NiII ion shows a distorted octahedral geometry formed by four N atoms from two bis(2-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methane ligands and two O atoms from a chelating nitrate anion. Three ethyl groups in the complex cation and the O atoms of the uncoordinated nitrate anion are disordered over two sets of positions [occupancy ratios of 0.52 (3):0.48 (3) and 0.63 (3):0.37 (3), respectively]. In the crystal, intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the complex cations into a zigzag chain along [010] and further N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the chains and the uncoordinated nitrate anions lead to layers parallel to (100)
Radial Angular Momentum Transfer and Magnetic Barrier for Short-Type Gamma-Ray Burst Central Engine Activity
Soft extended emission (EE) following initial hard spikes up to 100 seconds
was observed with {\em Swift}/BAT for about half of short-type gamma-ray bursts
(SGRBs). This challenges the conversional central engine models of SGRBs, i.e.,
compact star merger models. In the framework of the black hole-neutron star
merger models, we study the roles of the radial angular momentum transfer in
the disk and the magnetic barrier around the black hole for the activity of
SGRB central engines. We show that the radial angular momentum transfer may
significantly prolong the lifetime of the accretion process and multiple
episodes may be switched by the magnetic barrier. Our numerical calculations
based on the models of the neutrino-dominated accretion flows suggest that the
disk mass is critical for producing the observed EE. In case of the mass being
, our model can reproduce the observed timescale and
luminosity of both the main and EE episodes in a reasonable parameter set. The
predicted luminosity of the EE component is lower than the observed EE with
about one order of magnitude and the timescale is shorter than 20 seconds if
the disk mass being . {\em Swift}/BAT-like instruments may
be not sensitive enough to detect the EE component in this case. We argue that
the EE component would be a probe for merger process and disk formation for
compact star mergers.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
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