The geometric correlations of leptonic mixing parameters

Leptonic mixing patterns are usually extracted on the basis of groups or algebraic structures. In this paper, we introduce an alternative geometric method to study the correlations between the leptonic mixing parameters. At the 3{\sigma} level of the recent global fit data of neutrino oscillations, the distribution of the scatter points of the angles between the vectors of the magnitude of the leptonic mixing matrix is analysed. We find that the scatter points are concentrated on several special regions. Using the data in these regions, correlations of the leptonic mixing angles and the Dirac CP violating phase are obtained. The implications of the correlations are shown through the predicted flavor ratio of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos (HANs) at Earth.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure

Improve Noise Tolerance of Robust Loss via Noise-Awareness

Robust loss minimization is an important strategy for handling robust learning issue on noisy labels. Current approaches for designing robust losses involve the introduction of noise-robust factors, i.e., hyperparameters, to control the trade-off between noise robustness and learnability. However, finding suitable hyperparameters for different datasets with noisy labels is a challenging and time-consuming task. Moreover, existing robust loss methods usually assume that all training samples share common hyperparameters, which are independent of instances. This limits the ability of these methods to distinguish the individual noise properties of different samples and overlooks the varying contributions of diverse training samples in helping models understand underlying patterns. To address above issues, we propose to assemble robust loss with instance-dependent hyperparameters to improve their noise tolerance with theoretical guarantee. To achieve setting such instance-dependent hyperparameters for robust loss, we propose a meta-learning method which is capable of adaptively learning a hyperparameter prediction function, called Noise-Aware-Robust-Loss-Adjuster (NARL-Adjuster for brevity). Through mutual amelioration between hyperparameter prediction function and classifier parameters in our method, both of them can be simultaneously finely ameliorated and coordinated to attain solutions with good generalization capability. Four SOTA robust loss functions are attempted to be integrated with our algorithm, and comprehensive experiments substantiate the general availability and effectiveness of the proposed method in both its noise tolerance and performance.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2002.0648

Salvia miltiorrhiza aqueous root extract plays an important role in improving locomotor activity in rats with spinal cord injury

Purpose: To investigate the activity of the aqueous root extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza) (Lamiaceae), collected from Anhui Province, China, for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.Methods: In total, 30 adult rats were selected and divided into three groups; normal control, untreated and treated. Aqueous root extract of S. miltiorrhiza was introduced intraperitoneally to the treated group. Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan rating scale (BBB) was used to evaluate improvement in locomotor activity after SCI. Total RNA was extracted from tissue sections using Sepasol (NacalaiTesque) and RNA samples were reverse-transcribed using M-MLV reverse transcriptase. BioSense SC-810 Gel Documentation System and Gel-Pro 3.1 software were employed for the analysis of band intensity.Results: A significant reduction in SCI cavity area was observed in the S. miltiorrhiza extract-treated group, relative to the untreated group, after 11 days (0.10 ± 0.05 mm2 treated vs. 0.30 ± 0.01 mm2 untreated). Treatment with root extract also improved the BBB scores; the treated group scored 15, compared to a score of 8 for the untreated group. In addition, the degradation of neurons at the site of injury in the spinal cord was reduced in the treated group compared to the untreated group. Treatment with S. miltiorrhiza aqueous root extract also significantly increased the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) mRNA (p < 0.01).Conclusion: These data suggest that, in addition to other pharmacological activities, S. miltiorrhiza extract has therapeutic potential for the treatment of neuronal degeneration following SCI.Keywords: Salvia Miltiorrhiza, Neurons, Spinal cord injury, Locomotor capacity, Platelet-derived growth factor-B, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan rating scal

An Updated Search of Steady TeV γ−\gamma-Ray Point Sources in Northern Hemisphere Using the Tibet Air Shower Array

Using the data taken from Tibet II High Density (HD) Array (1997 February-1999 September) and Tibet-III array (1999 November-2005 November), our previous northern sky survey for TeV $\gamma-$ray point sources has now been updated by a factor of 2.8 improved statistics. From $0.0^{\circ}$ to $60.0^{\circ}$ in declination (Dec) range, no new TeV $\gamma-$ray point sources with sufficiently high significance were identified while the well-known Crab Nebula and Mrk421 remain to be the brightest TeV $\gamma-$ray sources within the field of view of the Tibet air shower array. Based on the currently available data and at the 90% confidence level (C.L.), the flux upper limits for different power law index assumption are re-derived, which are approximately improved by 1.7 times as compared with our previous reported limits.Comment: This paper has been accepted by hepn

Spin-polarized current induced by a local exchange field in a silicene nanoribbon

A mechanism to generate a spin-polarized current in a two-terminal zigzag silicene nanoribbon is predicted. As a weak local exchange field that is parallel to the surface of silicene is applied on one of edges of the silicene nanoribbon, a gap is opened in the corresponding gapless edge states but another pair of gapless edge states with opposite spin are still protected by the time-reversal symmetry. Hence, a spin-polarized current can be induced in the gap opened by the local exchange field in this two-terminal system. What is important is that the spin-polarized current can be obtained even in the absence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling and in the case of the very weak exchange filed. That is to say, the mechanism to generate the spin-polarized currents can be easily realized experimentally.We also find that the spin-polarized current is insensitive to weak disorder.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Blood Pressure Reduction Combining Baroreflex Restoration for Stroke Prevention in Hypertension in Rats

Blood pressure reduction is an important and effective strategy in stroke prevention in hypertensives. Recently, we found that baroreflex restoration was also crucial in stroke prevention. The present work was designed to test the hypothesis that a combination of blood pressure reduction and baroreflex restoration may be a new strategy for stroke prevention. In Experiment 1, the effects of ketanserin (0.3, 1, 3, 10 mg/kg), amlodipine (0.3, 1, 2, 3 mg/kg) and their combination (1 + 0.3, 1 + 1, 1 + 2, 1 + 3 mg/kg) on blood pressure and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) were determined under conscious state. It was found that both amlodipine and ketanserin decreased blood pressure dose-dependently. Ketanserin enfanced BRS from a very small dose but amlodipine enfanced BRS only at largest dose used. At the dose of 1 + 2 mg/kg (ketanserin + amlodipine), the combination possessed the largest synergism on blood pressure reduction. In Experiments 2 and 3, SHR-SP and two-kidney, two-clip (2K2C) renovascular hypertensive rats received life-long treatments with ketanserin (1 mg/kg) and amlodipine (2 mg/kg) or their combination (0.5 + 1, 1 + 2, 2 + 4 mg/kg). The survival time was recorded and the brain lesion was examined. It was found that all kinds of treatments prolonged the survival time of SHR-SP and 2K2C rats. The combination possessed a significantly better effect on stroke prevention than mono-therapies. In conclusion, combination of blood pressure reduction and baroreflex restoration may be a new strategy for the prevention of stroke in hypertension

Néel Spin Currents in Antiferromagnets

Ferromagnets are known to support spin-polarized currents that control various spin-dependent transport phenomena useful for spintronics. On the contrary, fully compensated antiferromagnets are expected to support only globally spin-neutral currents. Here, we demonstrate that these globally spin-neutral currents can represent the Néel spin currents, i.e., staggered spin currents flowing through different magnetic sublattices. The Néel spin currents emerge in antiferromagnets with strong intrasublattice coupling (hopping) and drive the spin-dependent transport phenomena such as tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) and spin-transfer torque (STT) in antiferromagnetic tunnel junctions (AFMTJs). Using RuO2 and Fe4GeTe2 as representative antiferromagnets, we predict that the Néel spin currents with a strong staggered spin polarization produce a sizable fieldlike STT capable of the deterministic switching of the Néel vector in the associated AFMTJs. Our work uncovers the previously unexplored potential of fully compensated antiferromagnets and paves a new route to realize the efficient writing and reading of information for antiferromagnetic spintronics

Immune suppressive signaling regulated by latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1 promotes metastasis in cervical cancer

Although metastasis is the major cause of death in cervical cancer, the mechanism of metastasis is still unclear. The mRNA expression and protein level of latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1 (LTBP1) were detected in tumor tissues and paracancerous tissues from in-house samples. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, and in vivo metastasis were determined after LTBP1 was knocked down. Then, 13 drugs were screened, and the changes in cell apoptosis and proliferation and tumor metastasis were detected after drug treatment in shRNA cells. In our in-house samples, LTBP1 was lowly expressed in cervical cancer tissues. After LTBP1 knockdown, cell proliferation was increased, and the ability of in vitro migration and in vivo metastasis was enhanced. At the same time, the proportion of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in situ increased, the proportion of T cells decreased, and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1) signaling was activated. After carboplatin treatment, LTBP1 shRNA cell line apoptosis increased, metastasis in vivo was limited, and the proportion of MDSC in situ decreased. LTBP1 was lowly expressed in cervical cancer, and the inhibition of LTBP1 can improve the malignant degree of the tumor, and this process can be blocked by carboplatin