Effect of Garlic Juice on Quality Changes of Oyster (Crassostrea Belcheri) Meat During Chilled Storage

Surat-thani oyster, a big and thin-shell bivalve mollusks, has been registered as Geographical Indicators, GI, as its good taste and delicacy as well as nutritious. Eaten style is raw then there is high risk to face with some disease as oyster is filter feeder. Physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory qualities after the oyster meat treated with the garlic juice at 0, 2 and 3 ml, respectively were monitored. Though initial pH of the control, untreated with garlic juice, was higher compared with the sample treated with 3 ml garlic juice, pH of it (control) was significantly lower (p5) at the end of the storag

Antifungal and Antiviral Cyclic Peptides from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus <i>Simplicillium obclavatum</i> EIODSF 020

A new linear peptide simplicilliumtide I (<b>1</b>) and four new cyclic peptides simplicilliumtides J–M (<b>2</b>–<b>5</b>) together with known analogues verlamelins A and B (<b>6</b> and <b>7</b>) were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungal strain <i>Simplicillium obclavatum</i> EIODSF 020. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, and their absolute configurations were further confirmed by chemical structural modification, Marfey’s and Mosher’s methods. Compounds <b>2</b>, <b>6</b>, and <b>7</b> showed significant antifungal activity toward <i>Aspergillus versicolor</i> and <i>Curvularia australiensis</i> and also had obvious antiviral activity toward HSV-1 with IC₅₀ values of 14.0, 16.7, and 15.6 μM, respectively. The structure–bioactivity relationship of this type of cyclic peptide was also discussed. This is the first time to discuss the effects of the lactone linkage and the substituent group of the fatty acid chain fragment on the bioactivity of this type of cyclic peptides. This is also the first time to report the antiviral activity of these cyclic peptides

Microascones, Decahydrofluorene-Class Alkaloids from the Marine-Derived Fungus <i>Microascus</i> sp. SCSIO 41821

Eight new decahydrofluorene-class alkaloids, microascones A and B (1 and 2), 2,3-epoxyphomapyrrolidone C (3), 14,16-epiascomylactam B (4), 24-hydroxyphomapyrrolidone A (5), and microascones C–E (6–8), along with five known analogs (9–13) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Microascus sp. SCSIO 41821. Compounds 1 and 2 have an unprecedented complex macrocyclic alkaloid skeleton with a 6/5/6/5/6/5/13 polycyclic system. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations of ECD spectra, and 13C NMR chemical shifts. Compounds 10–13 showed selective enzyme inhibitory activity against PTPSig, PTP1B, and CDC25B, and 4, 9, and 10 exhibited strong antibacterial activity against seven tested pathogens. Their structure–bioactivity relationship was discussed, and a plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1–8 was also proposed

The coordinates of Sample A–E.

<p>The coordinates of Sample A–E.</p

Microascones, Decahydrofluorene-Class Alkaloids from the Marine-Derived Fungus <i>Microascus</i> sp. SCSIO 41821

Eight new decahydrofluorene-class alkaloids, microascones A and B (1 and 2), 2,3-epoxyphomapyrrolidone C (3), 14,16-epiascomylactam B (4), 24-hydroxyphomapyrrolidone A (5), and microascones C–E (6–8), along with five known analogs (9–13) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Microascus sp. SCSIO 41821. Compounds 1 and 2 have an unprecedented complex macrocyclic alkaloid skeleton with a 6/5/6/5/6/5/13 polycyclic system. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations of ECD spectra, and 13C NMR chemical shifts. Compounds 10–13 showed selective enzyme inhibitory activity against PTPSig, PTP1B, and CDC25B, and 4, 9, and 10 exhibited strong antibacterial activity against seven tested pathogens. Their structure–bioactivity relationship was discussed, and a plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1–8 was also proposed

Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree from analysis of ITS rDNA from 29 Ascomycota representative sequences in five libraries.

<p>The numbers at the nodes are the percentages indicating the level of bootstrap support based on a neighbor-joining analysis of 1000 resampled data sets. Only values >50% are shown. The scale bar represents 0.1 substitutions per nucleotide position.</p

Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree from analysis of ITS sequences from fungi isolated from five deep-sea sediments from the East Indian Ocean.

<p>The numbers at the nodes are the percentages indicating the level of bootstrap support based on a neighbor-joining analysis of 1000 resampled data sets. Only values >50% are shown. The scale bar represents 0.05 substitutions per nucleotide position.</p

Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree from analysis of ITS rDNA from 26 Basidomycota and Zygomycota representative sequences (OTU-21 and 22) in five libraries.

<p>The numbers at the nodes are percentages indicating the level of bootstrap support based on a neighbor-joining analysis of 1000 resampled data sets. Only values >50% are shown. The scale bar represents 1 substitution per nucleotide position.</p

Phylogenetic affiliations of uncultured fungi obtained from deep-sea sediment samples A–E.

<p>OTUs marked by a letter (a) are new reports for deep-sea environments. Bolded and italicized OTUs are affiliated with yeasts and filamentous fungi, respectively, and the remaining OTUs are affiliated with unidentified yeasts or filamentous fungi.</p><p>Phylogenetic affiliations of uncultured fungi obtained from deep-sea sediment samples A–E.</p

Phylogenetic affiliations of culturable fungi obtained from deep-sea sediment samples A–E.

<p>Species marked by a letter (a) are new reports for deep-sea environments. Bolded and italicized isolates are included in yeasts and filamentous fungi, respectively.</p><p>Phylogenetic affiliations of culturable fungi obtained from deep-sea sediment samples A–E.</p