Earthworm coelomocytes as nanoscavenger of ZnO NPs

Earthworms can ‘biotransform’ or ‘biodegrade’ chemical contaminants, rendering them harmless in their bodies, and can bioaccumulate them in their tissues. They ‘absorb’ the dissolved chemicals through their moist ‘body wall’ due to the interstitial water and also ingest by ‘mouth’ while soil passes through the gut. Since the advent of the nanotechnology era, the environmental sink has been continuously receiving engineered nanomaterials as well as their derivatives. Our current understanding of the potential impact of nanomaterials and their natural scavenger is limited. In the present investigation, we studied the cellular uptake of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) by coelomocytes especially by chloragocytes of Eisenia fetida and their role as nanoscavenger. Results from exposure to 100- and 50-nm ZnO NPs indicate that coelomocytes of the earthworm E. fetida show no significant DNA damage at a dose lower than 3 mg/l and have the potential ability to uptake ZnO NPs from the soil ecosystem and transform them into microparticles

Decline of Professional Ethics in Indian Education System

Recently there is an increasing awareness and more importantly, an increasing interest in the field of professional ethics. In fact, perhaps there has not been any time in the history of education development where the concepts and an understanding of the nature of professional ethics have been so urgently needed. The popular concept that if it is education then it will be ethical and if it is ethical, it can be only education and this concept has been declined in last few decades. In higher and technical education the ethical consideration has lost its value and place, in real life ethics cannot be learned by books or by any other source of information, therefore it is really difficult to find ethical people around us, whereas it is very easy to find large number of unethical managers, bureaucrats, educationalist, corporate heads, politicians and elected representatives. This paper describes about ethics, professional ethics and its importance, professional code of ethics for teachers, factors affecting ethical standards in education, lack of ethical education in teachers training programmes and need to re-introduce value based education, spiritual education, ethical education and need based education in the curriculum which should deal with increase in human values, ethical values, rational thinking, learning, research and moral development in education system. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15078

Gift-Me : Personalized Gift Recommender System

Nowadays most of the india market is moving towards an online world with an adroit to have an maximum market scope .So we are connecting the business of gift article to online world with the evolved versions of current algorithm of recommendation systems.Ecommerce is an online site where the sale or purchase of goods are ordered electronically.The available ecommerce system have some issues with the recommendation so we are collaborating the multiple algorithm to increase the product sale and convinient in user interactio

Conference report: The 13th Congress of the International Society of Developmental and Comparative Immunology

9 páginas.-- L. Courtney Smith ... et al.The 13th Congress of the International Society of Developmental and Comparative Immunology took place in Murcia Spain from June 28 to July 3, 2015 at the Victor Villegas Auditorium and Convention Center. There were two or three parallel sessions during the Congress that covered a wide range of immunological topics and brought researchers together from around the world who work in different areas of immunology. The Congress included three plenary presentations, 12 oral sessions, two poster sessions, and a special symposium. Here we report on some of the talks and a few of the posters that were presented at the meetingFunding from the US National Science Foundation (IOS-1461716) awarded to LCS and Louise Rollins-Smith (Vanderbilt University, USA) supported students and postdocs from laboratories in the US to attend the 13th Congress of ISDCIPeer reviewe

An improved method for generating axenic entomopathogenic nematodes.

BACKGROUND: Steinernema carpocapsae are parasitic nematodes that invade and kill insects. The nematodes are mutualistically associated with the bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophila and together form an excellent model to study pathogen infection processes and host anti-nematode/antibacterial immune responses. To determine the contribution of S. carpocapsae and their associated X. nematophila to the successful infection of insects as well as to investigate the interaction of each mutualistic partner with the insect immune system, it is important to develop and establish robust methods for generating nematodes devoid of their bacteria. FINDINGS: To produce S. carpocapsae nematodes without their associated X. nematophila bacteria, we have modified a previous method, which involves the use of a X. nematophila rpoS mutant strain that fails to colonize the intestine of the worms. We confirmed the absence of bacteria in the nematodes using a molecular diagnostic and two rounds of an axenicity assay involving appropriate antibiotics and nematode surface sterilization. We used axenic and symbiotic S. carpocapsae to infect Drosophila melanogaster larvae and found that both types of nematodes were able to cause insect death at similar rates. CONCLUSION: Generation of entomopathogenic nematodes lacking their mutualistic bacteria provides an excellent tool to dissect the molecular and genetic basis of nematode parasitism and to identify the insect host immune factors that participate in the immune response against nematode infections

RNAseq Analysis of the Drosophila Response to the Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema.

Drosophila melanogaster is an outstanding model to study the molecular and functional basis of host-pathogen interactions. Currently, our knowledge of microbial infections in D. melanogaster is well understood; however, the response of flies to nematode infections is still in its infancy. Here, we have used the potent parasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae, which lives in mutualism with its endosymbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophila, to examine the transcriptomic basis of the interaction between D. melanogaster and entomopathogenic nematodes. We have employed next-generation RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to investigate the transcriptomic profile of D. melanogaster larvae in response to infection by S. carpocapsae symbiotic (carrying X. nematophila) or axenic (lacking X. nematophila) nematodes. Bioinformatic analyses have identified the strong induction of genes that are associated with the peritrophic membrane and the stress response, as well as several genes that participate in developmental processes. We have also found that genes with different biological functions are enriched in D. melanogaster larvae responding to either symbiotic or axenic nematodes. We further show that while symbiotic nematode infection enriched certain known immune-related genes, axenic nematode infection enriched several genes associated with chitin binding, lipid metabolic functions, and neuroactive ligand receptors. In addition, we have identified genes with a potential role in nematode recognition and genes with potential antinematode activity. Findings from this study will undoubtedly set the stage for the identification of key regulators of antinematode immune mechanisms in D. melanogaster, as well as in other insects of socioeconomic importance

Unmanned Ground Vehicle

This paper presents an idea to do surveillance of specified area with four wheeled Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) which is controlled remotely using Android app. The main purpose of the project present in this paper is to reduce the effort made by human in surveillance of high risk places (terrorist, seismic zone etc)In this paper we have suggested a surveillance system which is best in terms of range, flexibility, control, cost etc. It has a great range as it work with concept of IOT. This paper also presents the idea of overcoming the problem of flipping of the robot. The live video feedback from the UGV can be used by the controller to change the direction of UGV according to the requirements. The proposed system (UGV) is self compact and self contained with wireless transmission of data. The location of UGV can be traced with the help of inbuilt GPS module. The location of the UGV gets displayed in the android app when the user request for it

Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjunct to Nonsurgical Treatment of Deep Periodontal Pockets: A Clinical Study

Introduction: Deep periodontal pockets pose a great challenge for nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone may not suffice in cases where surgical therapy cannot be undertaken. Various recent studies have suggested the use of antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) for the management of periodontal infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of using aPDT along with SRP, compared to SRP alone for the management of deep periodontal pockets.Methods: Thirty patients with chronic periodontitis, who met the criteria of having periodontal pockets with depth ≥ 6 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) in at least 2 different quadrants were included. After SRP, one quadrant was randomly selected for aPDT (test), while another served as control. Clinical parameters i.e. plaque index (PI), modified sulcular bleeding index (mSBI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline, 1 month and 3 months post-treatment intervals.Results: All clinical parameters significantly improved in both groups after 1 and 3 months. At 1-month interval, inter-group difference in mean change was statistically significant (P < 0.05) in terms of mSBI (0.85 ± 0.41in test vs 0.54 ± 0.47 in control group) and PD (1.77±0.86 in test vs 1.3 ± 0.95 in control group). At 3 months interval, no statistically significant difference was observed between test and control groups except in terms of mSBI (0.97 ± 0.45 in test vs 0.73 ± 0.42 in control group).Conclusion: aPDT appears to play an additional role in reduction of gingival inflammation when used along with nonsurgical mechanical debridement of deep periodontal pockets