Implementing and Characterizing Real-time Broadband RFI Excision for the GMRT Wideband Backend

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) is being upgraded to increase the receiver sensitivity. This makes the receiver more susceptible to man-made Radio Frequency Interference (RFI). To improve the receiver performance in presence of RFI, real-time RFI excision (filtering) is incorporated in the GMRT wideband backend (GWB). The RFI filtering system is implemented on FPGA and CPU-GPU platforms to detect and remove broadband and narrowband RFI. The RFI is detected using a threshold-based technique where the threshold is computed using Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) estimator. The filtering is carried out by replacing the RFI samples by either noise samples or constant value or threshold. This paper describes the status of the real-time broadband RFI excision system in the wideband receiver chain of the upgraded GMRT (uGMRT). The test methodology for carrying out various tests to demonstrate the performance of broadband RFI excision at the system level and on radio astronomical imaging experiments are also described.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Endometrial hyperplasia and tubal ectopic: a correlation

Anovulation due to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the causes of endometrial hyperplasia in infertile women. Tubal ectopic apart from tubal factors can also be the result of hampered endometrial receptivity in these women which could be due to disturbed hormonal mileu, endometrial hyperplasia at cornua thereby interfering with transport of embryo from fallopian tube to uterus, or could be because of mechanical damage caused while taking endometrial biopsy. We are presenting case series of eight women of PCOS who presented to infertility clinic within two years with history of ectopic pregnancy or had subsequent ectopic pregnancy (after taking endometrial biopsy) with histopathology report of endometrial hyperplasia with or without atypia were enrolled. Out of 1200 PCOS women presenting to infertility clinic, eight women had coexistence of both endometrial hyperplasias and ectopic pregnancy. It is rare to find endometrial hyperplasias causing ectopic pregnancy. The causative factor in these cases could be the faulty endometrium by not being receptive thereby causing the embryo to implant in the fallopian tube or the tubes due to subtle infection secondary to repeated endometrial evaluation

Screening of efficient rhizobacteria associated with cauliflower (Brassica oleraceavar. botrytis L.) for plant growth promoting traits

In the current study, a total of 25 isolates were isolated from the rhizosphere and roots of cauliflower (Brassica oleraceavar. botrytis L.) from the vicinity of Una district of Himachal Pradesh. The isolates were tested in vitro for their ability to solubilise phosphorous and produce siderophore, indole acetic acid (IAA), hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and antifungal metabolites against the soil borne pathogens. Results revealed that out of 25, only 4 rhizospheric isolates (SB5, SB11, SB8 and SB10) have maximum plant growth promoting attributes. The isolates were identified as Bacillus sp. on the basis of Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. The isolate SB11 recorded highest phosphate solubilizing efficiency in solid medium (109.09%) and in liquid medium (350?g/ml). Maximum production of IAA (51.96?g/ml), siderophore (91.41%) and HCN were also observed for the same isolate. Further-more, the isolate SB11 produced highest antifungal metabolite production against Rhizoctoniasolani(37.11%), Sclerotiniasclerotiorum(41.11%), and Pythium sp. (71.11%) causing root rot, stalk rot and damping off diseases in cauliflower, respectively. The selected isolate (SB11) showed optimum growth at a pH of 7.0, 35°C temperature and 2% NaCl. On the basis of multifarious PGP-traits the SB11 isolate has tremendous potential to be used as a bioferti-lizer/bioprotectant for growth promotion and natural protection of cauliflower under low hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh

CRISPR- Cas9 Technology: Mechanism and Its Application in The Field of Entomology

The field of life science research has undergone a revolution thanks to the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) and CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) system, which provides a multitude of opportunities for modifying, identifying, visualising, and annotating particular DNA or RNA sequences in diverse organisms. In this technique, foreign DNA pieces, known as spacers, are inserted into CRISPR cassettes. These spacers are then transcribed into CRISPR arrays and processed to produce guide RNA (gRNA). The Cas proteins that the CRISPR arrays encode serve as the enzymatic machinery required to obtain new spacers that specifically target invasive genetic elements. Several Cas proteins, such as Cas9, Cas12, Cas13, and Cas14, have been used to create novel tools for genome engineering due to their programmable sequence specificity. The ability to manipulate and edit nucleic acid sequences in living cells from a wide variety of organisms has been made possible by these Cas variants, which have greatly advanced genetic research and the CRISPR/Cas tool. The CRISPR Cas-9 technology has applications in many areas of entomology, including the genetics of honeybees and plants that produce insecticidal compounds. CRISPR/Cas9 technology has transformed entomology by providing precise tools for gene editing and genetic manipulation in insects. This has enabled advancements in fundamental research, disease vector control, and pest management, with the potential to reduce the environmental and economic impact of insect pests in agriculture and public health

Construction of shuttle vectors for genetic manipulation and molecular analysis of mycobacteria

Two novel shuttle vectors for mycobacteria are described which have been derived from the expression system pSD5 developed in our laboratory. Plasmid pSD5B is a promoter-selection vector containing a promoterless lacZ gene and allows the identification of mycobacterial promoters by the blue colour of the colonies on solid media containing XGal. Moreover, the chronological order of appearance of blue colonies and intensity of colour provide a qualitative index of transcriptional strengths of the cloned promoters. Plasmid pSD5C has been designed to construct mycobacterial genomic libraries and express the cloned DNA inserts as fusion proteins with maltose binding protein in mycobacteria. Libraries in pSD5C provide feasibility for their screening with either DNA probes or specific antisera for identifying the genes of interest and for isolation of specific genetic loci by complementation of Escherichia coli and mycobacterial mutants. These vectors combine the ease of working in E. coli with the advantage of directly propagating them in mycobacteria without further manipulations. Finally, we demonstrate that these vectors function efficiently both in fast growing Mycobacterium smegmatis and slow growing mycobacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG

Water Stress Amelioration and Plant Growth Promotion in Capsicum Plants by Osmotic Stress Tolerant Bacteria

The present study was initiated with testing of fifteen previously isolated indigenous plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for drought tolerance. Among all, two best isolates Pseudomonas aeruginosa (JHA6) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (ROH14) were selected for in-vivo studies. A total of ten treatments comprising Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (JHA6 and ROH14) inoculated plants held at 80%, 60% and 40% field capacity (FC) soil moisture level was laid down in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Un-inoculated plants held at various stress levels and non-stressed conditions (100% FC) served as control. In general, both the bacteria could promote Capsicum growth in terms of increase in root and shoot biomass, height of plants, chlorophyll content as well as increase in nutrient content and uptake. Besides, the bacterial inoculated Capsicum plants could withstand water stress more efficiently as indicated by increases in leaf area, total soluble proteins and relative water content of treated water stressed plants in comparison to untreated stressed ones. Enhanced antioxidant responses were evident as elevated activities of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase was recorded. Therefore, the ability of Capsicum plants to tolerate water stress is enhanced by application of the isolated bacteria which also function as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

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