Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease in South Asia: current status and future directions

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LARGE-SCALE POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS' INTEGRATED ELECTRIC VEHICLE LOAD MODELLING

A variety of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging algorithms provide various EV charging load profiles, when utilized together, has an impact on the electrical grid functions. Present-day charging an EV Models of demand are either based on level of charging when an EV arrives or smart charging algorithms strengthened with specific charging levels and/or procedures. In this work, a brand-new data-driven technique for calculating EV charging load is suggested. They start by introducing a mathematical model that describes an adaptability of demand for EV charging. The characteristics of several EV load models are then identified, and advanced simulation techniques are suggested to simulate EV charging demand under various power market realizations. The suggested EV load modeling technique may act as a benchmark system by simulating various EV operating schedules, charging levels, and consumer engagement. The suggested framework would also give EV charging infrastructure advice from transmission system operators development in contemporary power networks

Safety profile of tranexamic acid during and after caesarean section

Introduction: Delivery by caesarean section can cause many complications. The most common complications documented are primary and secondary postpartum hemorrhage. Tranexamic acid is a synthetic analogue of the amino acid lysine and its action is to reduce blood loss. Both antepartum and PPH are being treated by TXA extensively. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in reducing the blood loss during and after LSCS. Material & Methods: Hundred pregnant women undergoing LSCS were included in the study. Subject were allocated in two groups–1) Study group–50 Subject who received tranexamic acid. 2) Control group–50 Subject who did not received tranexamic acid. Results: There was no significant alteration in the vital signs of subjects following tranexamic acid administration at time of delivery & at 1 hr & 2 hr postpartum. In our study, not a single patient developed signs of thrombosis. The side effects of tranexamic acid as nausea, vomiting & diarrhea were not statistically significant in both the groups in our study. In our study, there was no statistical difference in APGAR score at 1 & 5 minutes of the baby in both the groups. Conclusion: Data analysis of our study suggests that tranexamic acid can be used safely in LSCS with no serious side effects, and without increasing the occurrence of thrombosis

Randomized Control Trial for Reduction of Body Weight, Body Fat Patterning, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight Worksite Employees in Delhi, India

Background. We studied the impact of the multicomponent interventions on body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight individuals working in corporate worksites. Methods. Overweight (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2) subjects were recruited from four randomised worksites [two active intervention (n, recruited, 180, completed 156) and two control (n, recruited 130, completed 111)]. Intensive intervention was given at intervention worksite. Results. High prevalence (%) of obesity (90.9, 80.2), abdominal obesity (93.5, 84.3), excess skinfold thickness (70.3, 75.9), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels (56.8, 63.7) were seen in the intervention and the control group, respectively. At the end of intervention, the following significant changes were observed in the intervention group: decrease in weight, BMI, waist circumference, serum triglycerides, and increase in HDL-c. Weight loss of more than 5% was seen in 12% and 4% individuals in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Most importantly, the sum of all the skinfold measurements (mm) in the intervention group decreased significantly more than the control group (12.51 ± 10.38 versus 3.50 ± 8.18, resp.). Conclusion. This multicomponent worksite trial showed a reduction in weight, excess subcutaneous fat, and cardiometabolic risk factors after 6 months of active intervention in overweight Asian Indians. Trial Registration. This trial is registered with NCT03249610

Observations on feeding behaviour and survival rates in the estuarine calanoid copepods <i>Acartia spinicauda </i>and <i>Heliodiaptomus cinctus</i> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-IN">(Crustacea: Copepoda: Calanoida)</span>

222-224Experiments were conducted on the calanoid copepods, Acartia spinicauda (Acartiidae) and Heliodiaptomus cinctus (Diaptomidae) in order to determine food preference and survival rates respectively. Adults of A. spinicauda were fed monocultures of Tetraselmis gracilis (Chlorophyta) and Skeletonema costatum (Bacillariophyta), whereas, adults of H. cinctus were fed on five different combinations of phytoplankton feed . Total hourly differences in pigment concentrations indicate that A. spinicauda preferred to feed on T. gracilis (90.08%) as compared to S: costatum (55.87%). A combined feed of Isochrysis galbana (50%) and Chaetoceros sp. (50%) was found to be most satisfactory in case of H. cinctus as there was no mortality till the 8th day and only 57% mortality on the 14th day. However, total mortality occurred on the 15th day. The results indicate that feeds played an important role in determining the survival rates in H. cinctus.</i

Disparities in Prevalence of Cardiometablic Risk Factors in Rural, Urban-Poor, and Urban-Middle Class Women in India.

OBJECTIVE:Urbanization is an important determinant of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. To determine location-based differences in CVD risk factors in India we performed studies among women in rural, urban-poor and urban middle-class locations. METHODS:Population-based cross-sectional studies in rural, urban-poor, and urban-middle class women (35-70 y) were performed at multiple sites. We evaluated 6853 women (rural 2616, 5 sites; urban-poor 2008, 4 sites; urban middle-class 2229, 11 sites) for socioeconomic, lifestyle, anthropometric and biochemical risk factors. Descriptive statistics are reported. RESULTS:Mean levels of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), systolic BP, fasting glucose and cholesterol in rural, urban-poor and urban-middle class women showed significantly increasing trends (ANOVAtrend, p 80 cm (28.3, 63.4, 61.9%), waist >90 cm (8.4, 31.4, 38.2%), waist hip ratio (WHR) >0.8 (60.4, 90.7, 88.5), WHR>0.9 (13.0, 44.3, 56.1%), hypertension (31.6, 48.2, 59.0%) and hypercholesterolemia (13.5, 27.7, 37.4%) (Mantel Haenszel X2 ptrend <0.01). Inverse trend was observed for tobacco use (41.6, 19.6, 9.4%). There was significant association of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes with overweight and obesity (adjusted R2 0.89-0.99). CONCLUSIONS:There are significant location based differences in cardiometabolic risk factors in India. The urban-middle class women have the highest risk compared to urban-poor and rural