28 research outputs found

    Augmentation gastrocystoplasty in a child with orofacial syndrome and dysfunctional voiding

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    We report the case of a child diagnosed with orofacial syndrome with dysfunctional voiding and elevated serum creatinine in whom augmentation gastrocystoplasty was performed to manage urinary incontinence.Keywords: augmentation gastrocystoplasty, dysfunctional voiding, orofacial syndrom

    An unusual presentation of anterior urethral valve in a child with diabetes mellitus

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    Anterior urethral valve (AUV) is identified to be a common source of congenital obstructive lesion of the anterior urethra. Up to 80% of children with AUVs develop bladder dysfunction, bladder instability, hyperreflexia, diminished compliance and capacity. We report a case of an unusual presentation of a child with AUV and diabetes mellitus

    Management of antenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis in a child presenting later with urinary tract infections: A case report

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    Preservation of renal function remains the main goal of follow-up of a child with antenatal hydronephrosis. The question remains as to how long we need to follow these children. Even after several decades, the indications and timing of surgery in a newborn with hydronephrosis are still debated. Herewith, we report the case of a 9-year-old male child who was diagnosed to have hydronephrosis on antenatal scans and was managed conservatively postnatally who presented after 9 years with recurrent urinary tract infections

    Reproductive Toxicology: An Update

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    Human reproduction and development is a succession of symbiotic events. Nearly, at every point of this phenomenon found to be the principle target of one or more reproductive toxicants. Chemical agents, physical factors, as well as biological intruders can pose antagonistic effects on reproductive potential of an organism. The pathways are different viz., either damaging embryo and sometimes fetus or inducing mutation in a parent’s germ cell. The outcomes are declined fertility to impulsive abortion, functional discrepancies, developmental retardation, structural anomalies, etc. It is a now essential to establishing proper databases for reproductive and developmental toxicity chemicals, physical and biological factors including appropriate awareness among the society. Although many in vitro and in vivo toxicology studies are in pipeline which are independent studies but combination with other hazardous studies could give us an accurate numbers

    Therapeutic Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies in Urologic-Oncology Management - An Update

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    The idea of utilizing immunotherapy for the treatment of cancers has been appealing to scientists and clinicians for over a several decades. Immunotherapy for cancers encompasses knowledge gained from a wide range of disciplines and has the potential to procure the ‘magic bullet’ for the treatment of cancer. Monoclonal antibody-based treatment of cancer has been recognized as one of the most successful therapeutic strategies for both hematologic malignancies and solid tumours in the last 20 years. The discovery of hybridoma technology in late 1975 and the development of chimeric, humanized, and human antibodies have increased the availability and utility of immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer. Metastatic or recurrent cancer continues to be the bane of the urological oncologist. Despite recent improvements in therapeutic management and outcomes for clinically localized disease overall survival rate in patients with the majority of metastatic and recurrent genitourinary malignancies remains relatively unchanged. By targeting tumours through specific or associated antigens, it is possible to selectively eliminate tumour cells and maintain an acceptable toxicity profile. Therapeutic antibodies that target immune cells are also being developed with the goal of breaking local tolerance and stimulating the patient’s anti-tumor immune response. As with other treatment modalities, immunotherapy is far from perfect and requires additional study to optimize clinical response and overcome therapeutic resistance. Modern advances in the field of immunotherapy hold the promise of providing the clinical urologist/oncologist with new tools to fight urological cancer. However, the literature on monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy with a particular emphasis on target antigens, monoclonal antibody design and potential applications in the field of urology is limited. Hence, the present chapter focuses on the applications of Immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies for urologic oncology settings such as prostate, bladder, renal, testicular and penile with a hope to highlight its clinical efficacy and also its mechanisms of action in each of these cancer types

    Photonic system for real-time detection, discrimination, and quantification of microbes in air

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    We report the results of the non-invasive photonic system AUM for remote detection and characterization of different pathogenic bacterial strains and mixtures. AUM applies the concepts of elastic light scattering, statistical mechanics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to identify, classify and quantify various microbes in the scattering volume in real-time and, therefore, can become a potential tool in controlling and managing diseases caused by pathogenic microbes

    Синтез, характеристика та оцінка наночастинок δ-Al2O3, отриманих хімічним методом зі зміною pH

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    Дослідження спрямоване на аналіз наночастинок, отриманих шляхом коригування значення pH в процесі синтезу співосадження за допомогою хлориду алюмінію. Підготовлені зразки кориговані рН за допомогою гідроксиду амонію. Зразки прожарюють при 650 °C, і значення pH синтезованих зразків становлять 8; 9; 9,5 (S1, S2, S3). Рентгенодифракційний (XRD) аналіз підготовлених зразків підтверджує їх ромбічну структуру. Середній розмір кристалів підготовлених зразків δ-Al2O3 становить 3,6; 2,7 та 2,8 нм для S1, S2 та S3 відповідно. Параметр решітки знаходиться в діапазоні від 0,559 до 0,563 нм для a, від 0,557 до 0,569 нм для b і від 2,375 до 2,379 нм для c, pH складає 8, 9 і 9,5 відповідно до XRD аналізу. Об'єм становить від 740 до 759 Å3, густина дислокацій (D) знаходиться в діапазоні від 2,020 до 3,353, механічні характеристики (деформація) входять до числа параметрів, що надаються. Графіки Вільямсона-Холла (W-H) та розмірно-деформаційні (SS) графіки детально досліджуються. Результати порівнюються, показуючи, що розмір кристала зразка знаходиться в діапазоні від 2,2 до 2,8 нм, а деформація приймає значення від 0,0193 до 0,0702 для графіків W-H, а для графіків SS розмір кристала зразка знаходиться в діапазоні від 0,97 до 1,35 нм, і деформація приймає значення в діапазоні від 0,314 до 0,409.This research aims to analyze nanoparticles made by adjusting the pH value in the coprecipitation synthesis process with the help of aluminum chloride. The prepared samples are pH adjusted using ammonium hydroxide. The samples are calcined at 650 °C and the pH values of the synthesized samples are 8, 9, 9.5 (S1, S2, S3). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the prepared samples confirms their orthorhombic structure. The average crystal size of the prepared δ-Al2O3 samples is 3.650, 2.741 and 2.806 nm for S1, S2 and S3, respectively. The lattice parameter is in the range of 5.59 to 5.63 for a, 5.57 to 5.69 for b, and 23.75 to 23.79 for c, pH = 8, 9, and 9.5, respectively, according to XRD analysis. The volume is 740 to 759 Å3, dislocation density (D) is in the range from 2.020 to 3.353 and mechanical characteristics (strain) are among the parameters provided. The Williamson-Hall and size-strain plots are both examined extensively. The results are compared showing that the crystal size of the sample is in the range of 2.2 to 2.8 nm and the strain is between 0.0193 to 0.0702 as per the W-H plots, and for the SS plots, the crystal size is in the range of 0.97 to 1.35 nm and the strain is between 0.314 to 0.409

    Synchronous bilateral wilms' tumor in a 2-year-old male child

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    Wilms' tumor (WT) is the most common malignant renal tumor in childhood. Approximately 5%–7% of WT patients present with bilateral disease, either synchronously or metachronously. Bilateral WT usually occurs in younger children and more often in girls. Management of a child with bilateral WT is very challenging. We report a case of bilateral WT in a 2-year-old male child. The child has undergone preoperative chemotherapy followed by nephron-sparing surgery

    Umbilical only access laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children: Preliminary report

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    Background: Over the past three decades, laparoscopic surgery has become a well-established alternative to open surgery in the management of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. Currently, several efforts are being made, aimed at further reducing the morbidity associated with conventional laparoscopy. We report our experience with modified umbilical port laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children. Materials and Methods: Children presenting with hydronephrosis secondary to UPJ obstruction formed the study group. A 5 mm endoscopic port was placed on the inferior umbilical crease. The two 3 mm instruments were introduced through puncture sites created a few mm superior and lateral to the endoscopic port, under vision. Total operating time, the time taken for insertion of double pigtail catheter, time taken for pyeloplasty anastomosis and complications were noted. Results: During the study period, 16 children underwent modified umbilical only access laparoscopic pyeloplasty. The total operating time and the time for insertion of double pigtail catheter were significantly more in our earlier half of cases. Conclusions: Modified umbilical port laparoscopic pyeloplasty reduces the morbidity associated with conventional multiport laparoscopy without the need of expensive multichannel cannulas, curved laparoscopic instruments and longer laparoscopic endoscopes. Though crossing instruments are a factor which prolongs the duration of surgery, it does not hinder complex suturing needed during pyeloplasty

    Anogenital distance in males attending assisted reproduction center

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    Introduction: Anogenital distance (AGD) is a marker for endocrine disruption in animal studies in which decreased distance has been associated with testicular dysfunction. Measurement of AGD has also been used as a marker for genital development. Recently, it has been used to correlate with sperm production. In this study, we have investigated the relationship between AGD, sperm parameters, testicular size, and total testosterone levels in men attending assisted reproduction center (ARC). Materials and Methods: All the male partners of infertile couples presenting to the ARC were prospectively included in the study. Semen analysis, serum and blood biochemistry tests, and hormone assessment were done in all patients. The AGD measurements were done with the patient lying in supine position, and the distance from the posterior aspect of the scrotum to the anal verge was measured using a digital caliper. Results: The mean AGD was 3.19 ± 0.18 cm in patients with azoospermia, 3.40 ± 0.28 in oligospermia, 3.38 ± 0.24 in oligoasthenospermia, 3.30 ± 0.21 in oligoasthenoteratospermia, and 4.21 ± 0.23 in patients with normal sperm parameters. The testicular volume was significantly lower in patients with abnormal sperm parameters when compared to patients with normal sperm parameters. The total testosterone levels were significantly lower in patients with abnormal sperm parameters when compared to patients with normal sperm parameters. Conclusions: AGD may provide a novel metric to assess testicular function in men. A longer AGD is associated with fatherhood and may predict normal male reproductive potential
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