Polarization observables in elastic electron deuteron scattering including parity and time reversal violating contributions

The general formalism for polarization observables in elastic electron deuteron scattering is extended to incorporate parity and time reversal violating contributions. Parity violating effects arise from the interference of $\gamma$ and $Z$ exchange as well as from the hadronic sector via a small parity violating component in the deuteron. In addition we have allowed for time reversal invariance violating contributions in the hadronic sector. Formal expressions for the additional structure functions are derived, and their decomposition into the various multipole contributions are given explicitly.Comment: 34 pages Revte

Comparative Study of Personality Characteristics Between Combative and Team Game Players

The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the personality characteristics of players who engage in combative games with those who engage in team games better to comprehend the distinctions between the two categories of players. The study examined 96 male athletes aged 21–26 who competed in intercollegiate competitions in their combative sport. The data was collected with the Big Five Personality Questionnaire by Oliver, P. John & Sanjay Srivastava was used to gather data (1999). The independent samples t-test compared combative game players and team game players. The significance threshold was 0.05. The results showed that combative and team sports differed in Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to experience (p<0.05) but not in Neuroticism (p>0.05)

Analysis and Numerical Study of Boundary control of generalized Burgers-Huxley equation

In this work, a boundary control problem for the following generalized Burgers-Huxley (GBH) equation: $$u_t=\nu u_{xx}-\alpha u^{\delta}u_x+\beta u(1-u^{\delta})(u^{\delta}-\gamma),$$ where $\nu,\alpha,\beta>0,$ $1\leq\delta<\infty$, $\gamma\in(0,1)$ subject to Neumann boundary conditions is analyzed. Using the Minty-Browder theorem, standard elliptic partial differential equations theory, the maximum principle and the Crandall-Liggett theorem, we first address the global existence of a unique strong solution to GBH equation. Then, for the boundary control problem, we prove that the controlled GBH equation (that is, the closed loop system) is exponentially stable in the $\mathrm{H}^1$-norm (hence pointwise) when the viscosity $\nu$ is known (non-adaptive control). Moreover, we show that a damped version of GBH equation is globally asymptotically stable (in the $\mathrm{L}^2$-norm), when $\nu$ is unknown (adaptive control). Using the Chebychev collocation method with the backward Euler method as a temporal scheme, numerical findings are reported for both the non-adaptive and adaptive situations, supporting and confirming the analytical results of both the controlled and uncontrolled systems

Estimation of strong ground motions in Mexico City expected for large earthquakes in the Guerrero seismic gap

We performed simulations of ground motions in Mexico City expected for large earthquakes in the Guerrero seismic gap in Mexico. The simulation method uses as empirical Green's functions the accelerograms recorded in Mexico City during four small to moderate earthquakes (8 Feb. 1988, M_s = 5.8; 25 April 1989, M_w = 6.9; 11 May 1990, M_w = 5.5; and 31 May 1990, M_w = 6.0) in the Guerrero gap. Because these events occurred in the Guerrero gap, and have typical thrust mechanisms, the propagation path and site effects can be accurately included in our simulation. Fault rupture patterns derived from the 1985 Michoacan earthquake and source scaling relations appropriate for Mexican subduction zone earthquakes are used. If the Guerrero event is similar to the 1985 Michoacan event, the resulting response spectrum in Mexico City will be approximately twice as large as that of the 1985 Michoacan earthquake at periods longer than 2 sec. At periods shorter than 2 sec, the amplitude will be 2 to 3 times larger than that for the Michoacan earthquake. If the events in the Guerrero seismic gap occur as a sequence of magnitude 7.5 to 7.8 events, as they did in the previous sequence around the turn of the century, the strong motion in Mexico City is estimated to be about half that experienced during the 1985 Michoacan earthquake at periods longer than 2 sec. However, several factors affect this estimate. The magnitude of the possible events has a significant range and, if a rupture sequence is such that it enhances ground-motion amplitude with constructive interference, as occurred during the second half of the Michoacan sequence, some components of the ground motion could be amplified by a factor of 2 to 3. To aid in the interpretation of the simulated motion for purposes of design or hazard assessment, design spectra for the CDAO site in Mexico City are derived from the response spectra of the simulated ground motions

‘MATRI-SUMAN’ a capacity building and text messaging intervention to enhance maternal and child health service utilization among pregnant women from rural Nepal: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial

Background Capacity development of health volunteers and text messaging to pregnant women through mobile phones have shown improved maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes and is associated with increased utilisation of MCH services. However, such interventions are uncommon in Nepal. We aim to carry out an intervention with the hypothesis that capacity building and text messaging intervention will increase the MCH service utilisation. Method/design MATRI-SUMAN is a 12-month cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT). The trial involves pregnant women from 52 clusters of six village development committees (VDCs) covering 66,000 populations of Dhanusha district of Nepal. In the intervention clusters, Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs) will receive capacity development skills through reinforcement training, supervision and monitoring skills for the promotion of health seeking behaviour among pregnant women and study participants will receive periodic promotional text messaging service about MCH components through mobile phones. A sample of 354with equal numbers in each study arm is estimated using power calculation formula. The primary outcomes of this study are the rate of utilization of skilled birth attendants and consumption of a specified diversified meal. The secondary outcomes are: four antenatal (ANC) visits, weight gain of women during pregnancy, delivery of a baby at the health facility, postnatal care (PNC) visits, positive changes in child feeding practices among mothers, performance of FCHVs in MCH service utilization. Discussion The intervention is designed to enhance the capacity of health volunteers for the promotion of health seeking behaviour among pregnant women and text messaging through a mobile phone to expecting mothers to increase MCH service utilization. The trial if proven effective will have policy implications in poor resource settings. Trial registration ISRCTN60684155, (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN60684155). The trial was registered retrospectively

Subducting slab ultra-slow velocity layer coincident with silent earthquakes in southern Mexico

Great earthquakes have repeatedly occurred on the plate interface in a few shallow-dipping subduction zones where the subducting and overriding plates are strongly locked. Silent earthquakes (or slow slip events) were recently discovered at the down-dip extension of the locked zone and interact with the earthquake cycle. Here, we show that locally observed converted SP arrivals and teleseismic underside reflections that sample the top of the subducting plate in southern Mexico reveal that the ultra-slow velocity layer (USL) varies spatially (3 to 5 kilometers, with an S-wave velocity of ~2.0 to 2.7 kilometers per second). Most slow slip patches coincide with the presence of the USL, and they are bounded by the absence of the USL. The extent of the USL delineates the zone of transitional frictional behavior

Study of vitamin D level in patients with different etiologies of chronic liver disease and its correlation with Child Pugh class in a tertiary care centre in North India

Background: Skeletal manifestation in liver diseases represents the minimally scrutinized part of the disease spectrum. Vitamin D has a central role in developing hepatic deficiency of osteodystrophy in patients with chronic liver disease. This study aimed to investigate vitamin D levels and their and their relationship with disease advancement in these patients according to child Pugh-score. Aims and Objectives were study of vitamin D level in patients with different aetiology of chronic liver disease and its correlation with child Pugh score. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted over 200 patients after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria in patients with different etiology of chronic liver disease. Results: In our study total (N=200), 152 patients of alcoholic liver disease 41 patients having deficient vitamin D, 79 having insufficient vitamin D level and 32 patients having normal vitamin D level. Patients of chronic liver disease also have negative correlation on vitamin D level with Child Pugh score. In our study it was found that patients having higher Child Pugh score there is more chance of having vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency than the patient’s low Child Pugh score. Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin d deficiency in patients with CLD was found to be having a significant correlation with increasing CTP score with p value &lt;0.001

The epidemiology of Leishmania donovani infection in high transmission foci in India.

OBJECTIVE: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is highly prevalent in Bihar, India. India and its neighbours aim at eliminating VL, but several knowledge gaps in the epidemiology of VL may hamper that effort. The prevalence of asymptomatic infections with Leishmania donovani and their role in transmission dynamics are not well understood. We report data from a sero-survey in Bihar. METHODS: Demographic and immunological surveys were carried out in July and November 2006, respectively in 16 highly VL endemic foci in Muzaffarpur district in Bihar. Household and individual information was gathered and capillary blood samples were collected on filter papers. Direct agglutination test (DAT) was used to determine infected individuals (cut-off titre 1:1600). DAT results were tabulated against individual and household variables. A multivariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to study the prevalence of serologically positive individuals taking into account the clustering at household and cluster levels. RESULTS: Of study subjects 18% were DAT positive, and this proportion increased with age. Women had a significantly lower prevalence than men >14 years old. Owning domestic animals (cows, buffaloes or goats) was associated with a higher risk of being DAT positive [OR 1.16 (95% CI 1.01-1.32)], but socio-economic status was not. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of leishmanial antibodies was high in these communities, but variable. Demographic factors (i.e. marriage) may explain the lower DAT positivity in women >14 years of age. Within these homogeneously poor communities, socio-economic status was not linked to L. donovani infection risk at the individual level, but ownership of domestic animals was

Anisotropic Bianchi Type-III Bulk Viscous Fluid Universe in Lyra Geometry

An anisotropic Bianchi type-III cosmological model is investigated in the presence of a bulk viscous fluid within the framework of Lyra geometry with time-dependent displacement vector. It is shown that the field equations are solvable for any arbitrary function of a scale factor. To get the deterministic model of the universe, we have assumed that (i) a simple power-law form of a scale factor and (ii) the bulk viscosity coefficient are proportional to the energy density of the matter. The exact solutions of the Einstein&apos;s field equations are obtained which represent an expanding, shearing, and decelerating model of the universe. Some physical and kinematical behaviors of the cosmological model are briefly discussed