Coping among pregnant, rural, low-income women facing intimate partner violence (pregnancy to three months postnatal)

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Sept 8, 2010).The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file.Dissertation advisor: Dr. Kim Anderson.Vita.Ph. D. University of Missouri--Columbia 2009.The study will examine the coping skills of pregnant, rural, low-income women facing intimate partner violence (IPV) from pregnancy to three months post-natal. Twenty in depth interviews were conducted with women during pregnancy and three months post-natal who had experienced domestic violence. The most important finding that helped all participants cope with their abuse was the urge to protect the unborn/newborn baby. Their advice to health care professionals, as well as mothers of new born babies, is also discussed. Research, policy and practice implications for working with pregnant, rural, low-income women facing IPV are also discussed.Includes bibliographical reference

Prevalence of Domestic Violence and Mental Health Symptoms among South Asian women in the United States

This study examines the prevalence of domestic violence, mental health outcomes and help-seeking behaviors among a cross section of 155 South Asians that participated in an anonymous survey. The findings indicate that 31% of the participants experienced some form of domestic violence; physical, emotional, financial or sexual abuse and about 88% of those abused experienced emotional abuse. Results indicate that the abused participants experienced mental health symptoms of sleeplessness, frequent crying spells, panic, feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, high stress, bouts of uncontrollable anger and loneliness. The results emphasize culturally sensitive services that address domestic violence as well as mental health symptoms should be made available and accessible to South Asians in the United States of America

Learning gain differences between ChatGPT and human tutor generated algebra hints

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, are quickly advancing AI to the frontiers of practical consumer use and leading industries to re-evaluate how they allocate resources for content production. Authoring of open educational resources and hint content within adaptive tutoring systems is labor intensive. Should LLMs like ChatGPT produce educational content on par with human-authored content, the implications would be significant for further scaling of computer tutoring system approaches. In this paper, we conduct the first learning gain evaluation of ChatGPT by comparing the efficacy of its hints with hints authored by human tutors with 77 participants across two algebra topic areas, Elementary Algebra and Intermediate Algebra. We find that 70% of hints produced by ChatGPT passed our manual quality checks and that both human and ChatGPT conditions produced positive learning gains. However, gains were only statistically significant for human tutor created hints. Learning gains from human-created hints were substantially and statistically significantly higher than ChatGPT hints in both topic areas, though ChatGPT participants in the Intermediate Algebra experiment were near ceiling and not even with the control at pre-test. We discuss the limitations of our study and suggest several future directions for the field. Problem and hint content used in the experiment is provided for replicability

Lived Experiences of Women Facing Domestic Violence in India

This article describes the lived experiences of domestic violence victims among a convenience sample of 21 low-income Indian women. The experiences of abuse are drawn from in-depth, face-to-face interviews conducted in Mumbai, India. The qualitative analysis describes four major categories of their lived experiences: (a) types of abuse, (b) family involvement in abuse, (c) treatment of children, and (d) abandonment. Domestic violence in Indian culture includes violence from the husband as well as the in-laws. Women are expected to endure violence for fear of bringing shame to their families. Social and financial support for abused woman is lacking

Analysis of Violence Against Women Act and the South Asian Immigrants in the United States

The issue of domestic violence among South Asian immigrant population in the United States is examined in the light of the Violence Against Women Act. The paper gives a background to the issue of domestic violence in the South Asian community and examines the Violence Against Women Acts of 1994, 2000 and 2005 with regard to issues affecting South Asian women. It addresses issues around marriage and has emphasized the difficulties of women with dependent immigration status. Policy alternatives are examined and discussed with regard to efficacy and efficiency of the policy

Dangerous Abusive Relationships and Sources of Resilience for South Asian Immigrant Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

This study explored South Asian immigrant women survivors’ perspectives on intimate partner relationships that could lead to severe violence or a homicide and sources of resilience for South Asian immigrant survivors in the United States. The study recruited 16 South Asian immigrant survivors for in-depth interviews and focus groups. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Survivors shared some characteristics of dangerous partner such as controlling behavior, anger issues, infidelity, alcohol and drug problems, and history of childhood abuse. Incidents of severe physical abuse, threats to kill, possession of a weapon, and suspicious behavior led survivors to feel fearful for their lives. Sources of resilience in the community (e.g., support from formal sources of help) and at the individual level (e.g., education) were discussed. The needs for culturally informed services and to generate awareness of services among South Asian immigrants were highlighted

Mutiloculated thymic cyst: unusual presentation of mediastinal mass

Here we present a case of 47 year male found to have large multiloculated thymic cyst during work up done for recurrent pleural effusion. Mediastinal cyst constitutes 10-15% of all radiographically detected mediastinal masses. Thymic cyst account only 5% of mediastinal masses. Thymic cyst can cause difficulty in diagnosis due to its rare presentation, invasive nature and occasional associated with thymic neoplasm. They have been detected incidentally and associated with Sjögren’s syndrome, aplastic anemia myasthenia gravis and immunocompromised patients. Here we present a case of 47-year-old male initially work up done for recurrent pleural effusion turned out to be large multilocuated thymic cyst improved after excision which had no associated syndromes and immunocompromised state. Keywords: mediastinal mass, pleural effusion, thymic cys

Kinetic Analysis and Epitope Mapping of Monoclonal Antibodies to Salmonella Typhimurium Flagellin Using a Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor

Salmonella Typhimurium is one of the leading causes of foodborne diseases worldwide. Biosensors and immunoassays utilizing monoclonal antibodies are widely used for the detection and subtyping of S. Typhimurium. However, due to insufficient information on the nature of binding with S. Typhimurium flagellin, the selection of appropriate antibodies for assay development is a cumbersome task. Hence, we aimed to compare the binding kinetics of a panel of monoclonal antibodies and their relative binding sites to flagellin antigen using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Initially, the flagellin was captured on the sensor surface through an immobilized anti-flagellin antibody. The interactions of different concentrations of monoclonal antibodies to flagellin were determined, and binding curves were fitted using 1:1 bio-interaction model to calculate the kinetic parameters. For epitope mapping, pairwise comparisons were completed to determine the binding inhibition of each paired combination of monoclonal antibodies. It was found that these monoclonal antibodies differed significantly (p \u3c 0.05) in association rate, dissociation rate, and equilibrium dissociation constants. Of the five monoclonal antibodies, only two interfered with the binding of each other. Four distinct epitopes located within a 23 kDa domain of flagellin were identified. Findings from this study provide crucial information needed for the further development and optimization of biosensors and other immunoassays for the detection and subtyping of Salmonella

The relationship between race and delinquency and the factors that influence disproportionate minority contact in Missouri [abstract]

Abstract only availableFaculty Mentor: Dr. Anne Dannerbeck, Social WorkDisproportionate Minority Contact has been an issue in Missouri since the 1980s, when reports were released claiming that there was a greater amount of minority youth coming in contact with the juvenile justice system than Caucasian youth (OJJDP, 2004). DMC studies prior to this project include initiatives supported by Jackson and St. Louis County to address disproportionate minority contact. This study focuses on the risk factors that drive children to delinquent behavior, and eventually their interactions with law enforcement. This study looked at a data set of 1633 delinquents in 13 counties in Missouri. Hirschi theorized along with Gottfredson that a child's criminal propensity is fairly fixed by age 10. Once established, these propensities do not change (Winfree, Taylor, He, & Esbensen, 2006). Approximately one-third of the children in the data sets analyzed for this research first came in contact with the justice system at the age of 12, with the rest of the ages dispersed between 13 and 16 years old. A chi-square analysis revealed that family issues, including parental incarceration and a poor social support structure, may put an African American child at greater risk for delinquency than a Caucasian youth (OSCA, 2001). This study is part of the assessment and diagnosis process, which is also being carried out by other researchers. Following this process, an intervention phase will begin to address disproportionality within the state, which will include a presentation of this information at a conference. After evaluating the results yielded by this study, a monitoring process will be established so as to help reduce future occurrences of DMC in the Missouri juvenile justice system. However, more research is needed to further address DMC within the state of Missouri, and as members of law enforcement and the justice system come together with a better understanding of the data that has been presented, these efforts will have a greater impact on their future actions in the juvenile justice and court system.Disproportionate Minority Contact has been an issue in Missouri since the 1980s, when reports were released claiming that there was a greater amount of minority youth coming in contact with the juvenile justice system than Caucasian youth (OJJDP, 2004). DMC studies prior to this project include initiatives supported by Jackson and St. Louis County to address disproportionate minority contact. This study focuses on the risk factors that drive children to delinquent behavior, and eventually their interactions with law enforcement. This study looked at a data set of 1633 delinquents in 13 counties in Missouri. Hirschi theorized along with Gottfredson that a child's criminal propensity is fairly fixed by age 10. Once established, these propensities do not change (Winfree, Taylor, He, & Esbensen, 2006). Approximately one-third of the children in the data sets analyzed for this research first came in contact with the justice system at the age of 12, with the rest of the ages dispersed between 13 and 16 years old. A chi-square analysis revealed that family issues, including parental incarceration and a poor social support structure, may put an African American child at greater risk for delinquency than a Caucasian youth (OSCA, 2001). This study is part of the assessment and diagnosis process, which is also being carried out by other researchers. Following this process, an intervention phase will begin to address disproportionality within the state, which will include a presentation of this information at a conference. After evaluating the results yielded by this study, a monitoring process will be established so as to help reduce future occurrences of DMC in the Missouri juvenile justice system. However, more research is needed to further address DMC within the state of Missouri, and as members of law enforcement and the justice system come together with a better understanding of the data that has been presented, these efforts will have a greater impact on their future actions in the juvenile justice and court system

Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

SummaryBackground Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatoryactions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.Methods In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19Therapy [RECOVERY]), several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients admitted to hospitalwith COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 176 hospitals in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients wererandomly allocated to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus azithromycin 500 mg once perday by mouth or intravenously for 10 days or until discharge (or allocation to one of the other RECOVERY treatmentgroups). Patients were assigned via web-based simple (unstratified) randomisation with allocation concealment andwere twice as likely to be randomly assigned to usual care than to any of the active treatment groups. Participants andlocal study staff were not masked to the allocated treatment, but all others involved in the trial were masked to theoutcome data during the trial. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treatpopulation. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936.Findings Between April 7 and Nov 27, 2020, of 16 442 patients enrolled in the RECOVERY trial, 9433 (57%) wereeligible and 7763 were included in the assessment of azithromycin. The mean age of these study participants was65·3 years (SD 15·7) and approximately a third were women (2944 [38%] of 7763). 2582 patients were randomlyallocated to receive azithromycin and 5181 patients were randomly allocated to usual care alone. Overall,561 (22%) patients allocated to azithromycin and 1162 (22%) patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days(rate ratio 0·97, 95% CI 0·87–1·07; p=0·50). No significant difference was seen in duration of hospital stay (median10 days [IQR 5 to >28] vs 11 days [5 to >28]) or the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days(rate ratio 1·04, 95% CI 0·98–1·10; p=0·19). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, nosignificant difference was seen in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilationor death (risk ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·87–1·03; p=0·24).Interpretation In patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, azithromycin did not improve survival or otherprespecified clinical outcomes. Azithromycin use in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 should be restrictedto patients in whom there is a clear antimicrobial indication