A study on factors associated with malnutrition and risk of infections among malnourished children admitted to McGann teaching hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India

Background: Globally, each year malnutrition is implicated in about 40% of the 11 million deaths of under-five children in developing countries. Under nutrition is still the major problem in our country especially in underserved areas such as urban slums and rural areas. So we undertook this study to assess the factors associated with malnutrition and risk of infections among malnourished children.Methods: Study design: Analytical cross-sectional study. Duration: January 2013 - December 2013 (1 year). 182 malnourished children admitted to department of paediatrics during the study period. Prestructured-pre tested closed ended questionnaire was used to collect the data. The parents were interviewed; case sheets and other records were searched to get the necessary information.Results: The study was conducted among 182 under nourished children who admitted to department of paediatrics, in the calendar of 2013. Out of 182 children, 80 (43.96%) were boys and 102 (56.04%) were girls. More than 2/3rd (68.6%) under nourished children were in the age group of 0-3 years. Most common co-morbidity found was respiratory tract infection (44%) followed by acute gastro enteritis (22.5%) and fever (Pyrexia of unknown origine-22.5%).Conclusion: Children of relatively younger age, from rural areas and girls are the common victims of malnutrition. Respiratory tract infections and acute gastro-enteritis were the common co-morbid conditions found among malnourished children. Nutrition education has to be imparted to the people regarding consumption of cost effective nutritious diet (Emphasize it in Village health and Nutrition day).

Air jet Erosion Wear behavior of Al6061-SiC-Carbon fibre Hybrid Composite

Currently, the focus in materials development is on processing of hybrid metal matrix composites (MMC’s) in particular aluminum (Al) based owing to their flexibility in achieving tailor made properties. Till date, only processing, characterization of mechanical and adhesive wear behavior of various hybrid MMCs have received much attention. However, solid erosion wear of hybrid MMCs has not yet been reported. This assessment will further enlarge the range of applications of hybrid MMCs in particular for components in operation for military applications especially in desert areas. In the light of the above, the present paper discusses the air jet erosion behavior of developed Al6061-SiC-carbon fibre hybrid composite prepared by combination of powder metallurgy and casting process followed by hot extrusion at temperature of 550oC using extrusion ratio of 1:4. The solid sand erodent particle size used was 312 μm while the operating pressure and velocity was maintained at 1.4 bar and 30 m/sec respectively. The adopted feed rate of the sand particles was 2.0 g/min with standoff distance being 10 mm. The sample size was 25 mm x 25 mm x 10 mm. The effect of silicon carbide (SiC), Carbon fibre (Cf), test duration and angle of impingement of the erodent on the erosion wear loss of the developed hybrid composite will be discussed at length

Necrotizing pneumonia in pediatric intensive care unit: A case series

Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is a rare and severe complication of bacterial community-acquired pneumonia associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. We present a case series admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of our tertiary care hospital for 6 months. Five cases (positive blood culture) were selected based on the features of pneumonia with moderate-to-severe respiratory distress at admission. All cases are treated with antibiotics (piperacillin/tazobactam and vancomycin) as per blood culture and sensitivity results and oxygen therapy by high-flow nasal cannula/mechanical ventilation based on the decision of the treating physicians. Intercostal drainage tube was inserted for all empyema/pneumothorax cases. Decortication was done in two cases. Out of five cases, three cases were recovered after prolonged treatment in PICU and two cases succumbed to death in the 2nd week of hospitalization. Treatment of necrotizing pneumonia should be initiated early with broad-spectrum antibiotics along with staphylococcal cover till culture reports are awaited

Immediate restorative rehabilitation of fractured tooth by fragment reattachment: A case report

Dental trauma commonly leads to fracture of anterior teeth which affects the aesthetics and even has a psychological impact on the patient. Management of crown fractures depends on multiple factors like extent, pattern and the restorability of fracture to maintain the occlusion, aesthetics, and prognosis. If the fractured fragment is available, re-attachment is the most feasible option which is simple and economic providing good and long-lasting aesthetics, maintaining the original morphology and colour. This case report shows management of complex coronal tooth fracture by tooth fragment reattachment using metal post

Immediate Restorative Rehabilitation of Fractured Tooth by Fragment Reattachment: A Case Report

Dental trauma commonly leads to fracture of anterior teeth which affects the aesthetics and even has a psychological impact on the patient. Management of crown fractures depends on multiple factors like extent, pattern and the restorability of fracture to maintain the occlusion, aesthetics, and prognosis. If the fractured fragment is available, re-attachment is the most feasible option which is simple and economic providing good and long-lasting aesthetics, maintaining the original morphology and colour. This case report shows management of complex coronal tooth fracture by tooth fragment reattachment using metal post