Analysis of Nebivolol hydrochloride and Valsartan in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Method

A simple, accurate and precise high performance thin layer chromatographic method has been developed for the estimation of Valsartan and Nebivolol hydrochloride simultaneously from a tablet dosage form. The method employed silica gel 60 F254 pre-coated plates as stationary phase and a mixture of Ethyl acetate: Methanol: Ammonia (6.5:2.5:0.5 %v/v/v) as mobile phase. Densitometric scanning was performed at 280 nm using a Camag TLC scanner 3. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 800ng/spot-2400ng/spot for Nebivolol hydrochloride and 200ng/spot-1000ng/spot for Valsartan. The Retention factor for Nebivolol hydrochloride is 0.75 ± 0.04 and is 0.27 ± 0.01 for Valsartan . The method was validated as per ICH Guidelines, proving its utility in estimation of Valsartan and Nebivolol hydrochloride in combined dosage form

Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Settings

We investigate quantum key distribution (QKD) in optical multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) settings. Such settings can prove useful in dealing with harsh channel conditions as in, e.g., satellite-based QKD. We study a $2\times2$ setting for continuous variable (CV) QKD with Gaussian encoding and heterodyne detection and reverse reconciliation. We present our key rate analysis for this system and compare it with single-mode and multiplexed CV QKD scenarios. We show that we can achieve multiplexing gain using multiple transmitters and receivers even if there is some crosstalk between the two channels. In certain cases, when there is nonzero correlated excess noise in the two received signals, we can even surpass the multiplexing gain

A study of thyroid dysfunction in dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid disorder in dysfunctional uterine bleeding and to assess the menstrual pattern in women with thyroid disorders.Methods: The present study was conducted on 104 patients who presented with dysfunctional uterine bleeding in gynecology OPD/IPD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SCBMCH, Cuttack, India.Results: Among the 104 women 16 (15.3%) had hypothyroidism, 3 (2.8%) had hyperthyroidism and 75 (72.1%) were euthyroid and 10(9.6%) subclinical hypothyroidisim. Menorrhagia was the most common menstrual disorder in hypothyroidism and oligomenorrhoea in hyperthyroidism. In the present study the age group of 41-50 year and multyparity (para-2) and commonest are menorrhagic 42 (40.38%). Menorrhagia in hypothyroidisim 15 (72.4%) cases and oligomenorrhoea in hyperthyroidisim 3 (10.3%).Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction should be considered as an important aetiological factor in menstrual disturbances and thyroid assessment should be done in all patients with menstrual irregularities. Therefore, to conclude any type of menstrual abnormality should be considered as a possible presenting symptom of thyroid dysfunction and it may even indicate subclinical abnormality, evaluation of thyroid would avoid unnecessary surgeries and exposure to hormones

Isolation and characterization of organisms in high vaginal swab culture in preterm pregnancy (28-37 week)

Background: The study was performed to isolate, identify and determine the antibiotic sensitivity profile of the pathogens in the genital tract of preterm pregnant women (28 week- 37 week) gestation to the prevention of preterm delivery, pPROM, chorioamnionitis, neonatal, puerperal and maternal- foetal infections.Methods: The present perspective study in S. C. B. medical college, Cuttack was conducted in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from January 2014 to September 2015 in 100 patients with singleton pregnancy. The cases for study were selected randomly from the patients attending O and G OPD or admitted to the labour room or antenatal ward. Each of the patients was informed about the type, quality, and consequence of the study as well as their role in this particular participation. Valid consents were obtained from each patient who showed their cooperation. Under available aseptic conditions high vaginal swabs were collected with a commercially available collection and transport system for isolation of pathogens present in the genital tract of preterm pregnant women having gestational age 28 week-37 week. The samples were examined in the Department of Microbiology in S. C. B. medical college, Cuttack.Results: We have isolated the most common organism in preterm pregnancy is the E. coli amounting 34% followed by Candidial spp. 21%. Then comes Enterococci scoring 10%, then Staphylococci 8%, Gardenerella vaginalis 7%. Eventually Group B Streptococcus 5%. However, there is about more number of culture negative cases (no growth -24 %) according the department of Microbiology of this college. From the above study we got more number of aerobic vaginitis in contrast to bacterial vaginitis. The prevalence of pPROM was associated with E. coli i. e. 30%. Second are Enterococci having 20%. Candidial spp. Scores 18%. Gardenerella vaginalis takes 12%. However, organisms like Staphylococci and GBS comes last with a score of 6% and 2% respectively.Conclusions: As preterm birth is more associated with mother having genital infections. Our study awards the champion cup to the E. coli as it is associated with maximum number of preterm birth cases i.e. 30%. Candidial spp. comes with the number about 21% causing both symptomatic and asymptomatic infection. Enterococci and Staphylococci almost have same prevalence of preterm birth viz. 12%

3D-bioprinting of patient-derived cardiac tissue models for studying congenital heart disease.

INTRODUCTION: Congenital heart disease is the leading cause of death related to birth defects and affects 1 out of every 100 live births. Induced pluripotent stem cell technology has allowed for patient-derived cardiomyocytes to be studied in vitro. An approach to bioengineer these cells into a physiologically accurate cardiac tissue model is needed in order to study the disease and evaluate potential treatment strategies. METHODS: To accomplish this, we have developed a protocol to 3D-bioprint cardiac tissue constructs comprised of patient-derived cardiomyocytes within a hydrogel bioink based on laminin-521. RESULTS: Cardiomyocytes remained viable and demonstrated appropriate phenotype and function including spontaneous contraction. Contraction remained consistent during 30 days of culture based on displacement measurements. Furthermore, tissue constructs demonstrated progressive maturation based on sarcomere structure and gene expression analysis. Gene expression analysis also revealed enhanced maturation in 3D constructs compared to 2D cell culture. DISCUSSION: This combination of patient-derived cardiomyocytes and 3D-bioprinting represents a promising platform for studying congenital heart disease and evaluating individualized treatment strategies

Spatiotemporal Characterizations of Beating Cardiomyocytes on Mechanical Loading Platform and Biomaterial Substrates

Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of mortality resulting in serious health concerns and deteriorating quality of life. The minimal regeneration capacity of the myocardium revamps the need for an alternative therapeutic strategy such as myocardial tissue engineering. Human heart generates in a mechanically active environment beginning from organogenesis and persistent throughout adulthood. Hence, mechanical loading may have great utility in the control of cardiomyocyte (CM) development for cardiac tissue engineering and in the study of molecular mechanisms of CM function and pathology. This dissertation is aimed at utilizing mechanical stretch loading to physiologically mimic these CM developmental conditions and guide murine P19 pluripotent embryonic stem cell differentiation to CM lineage. The beating dynamics and genomics development of contracting CMs were improved or at comparable levels for stretch loading alone case compared with those from known soluble factor induction with 5-Azacytidine, suggesting that stretch loading may serve as a potent trigger to induce functional CM development. In addition, potential regulatory role of molecular mechanosensors such as focal adhesion kinase and Rho-associated protein kinase were tested as mechanotransduction pathways. The next part of the dissertation was focused on evaluating the spontaneous contraction of CMs, as a measure of their functional health. A non-invasive, robust, and unbiased method is presented for novel spatial-temporal characterization of CM contraction. The method developed enables to adaptively select reference frame when applying digital image correlation (DIC) to observe CM contraction, overcoming the lack of static reference frame and resultant noise buildup in conventional DIC methods. Based on the physiological criteria of individual sarcomere displacement length of 0.14 µm as a contraction threshold, novel spatiotemporal parameters were defined to account for the homogeneity, propagation, and synchronicity of CM contraction. To reiterate the elasticity of mechanically active native myocardium for the myocardial regenerative medicine, the final part of the dissertation attempted to develop cardiac tissue patches on electrospun polyurethane nanofiber scaffolds. Relative to aligned nanofibers or flat control, more number of contractile CM tissues were obtained on randomly oriented polyurethane nanofiber substrates, which may thus be better suited for the myocardial tissue engineering application

Characterizing nonlocality of pure symmetric three-qubit states

We explore nonlocality of three-qubit pure symmetric states shared between Alice, Bob and Charlie using the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality. We make use of the elegant parametrization in the canonical form of these states, proposed by Meill and Meyer (Phys. Rev. A, 96, 062310 (2017)) based on Majorana geometric representation. The reduced two-qubit states, extracted from an arbitrary pure entangled symmetric three-qubit state do not violate the CHSH inequality and hence they are CHSH-local. However, when Alice and Bob perform a CHSH test, after conditioning over measurement results of Charlie, nonlocality of the state is revealed. We have also shown that two different families of three-qubit pure symmetric states, consisting of two and three distinct spinors (qubits) respectively, can be distinguished based on the strength of violation in the conditional CHSH nonlocality test. Furthermore, we identify six of the 46 classes of tight Bell inequalities in the three-party, two-setting, two-outcome i.e., (3,2,2) scenario (Phys. Rev. A 94, 062121 (2016)). Among the two inequivalent families of three-qubit pure symmetric states, only the states belonging to three distinct spinor class show maximum violations of these six tight Bell inequalities.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, revised versio

Spatiotemporal Characterizations of Beating Cardiomyocytes on Mechanical Loading Platform and Biomaterial Substrates

Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of mortality resulting in serious health concerns and deteriorating quality of life. The minimal regeneration capacity of the myocardium revamps the need for an alternative therapeutic strategy such as myocardial tissue engineering. Human heart generates in a mechanically active environment beginning from organogenesis and persistent throughout adulthood. Hence, mechanical loading may have great utility in the control of cardiomyocyte (CM) development for cardiac tissue engineering and in the study of molecular mechanisms of CM function and pathology. This dissertation is aimed at utilizing mechanical stretch loading to physiologically mimic these CM developmental conditions and guide murine P19 pluripotent embryonic stem cell differentiation to CM lineage. The beating dynamics and genomics development of contracting CMs were improved or at comparable levels for stretch loading alone case compared with those from known soluble factor induction with 5-Azacytidine, suggesting that stretch loading may serve as a potent trigger to induce functional CM development. In addition, potential regulatory role of molecular mechanosensors such as focal adhesion kinase and Rho-associated protein kinase were tested as mechanotransduction pathways. The next part of the dissertation was focused on evaluating the spontaneous contraction of CMs, as a measure of their functional health. A non-invasive, robust, and unbiased method is presented for novel spatial-temporal characterization of CM contraction. The method developed enables to adaptively select reference frame when applying digital image correlation (DIC) to observe CM contraction, overcoming the lack of static reference frame and resultant noise buildup in conventional DIC methods. Based on the physiological criteria of individual sarcomere displacement length of 0.14 µm as a contraction threshold, novel spatiotemporal parameters were defined to account for the homogeneity, propagation, and synchronicity of CM contraction. To reiterate the elasticity of mechanically active native myocardium for the myocardial regenerative medicine, the final part of the dissertation attempted to develop cardiac tissue patches on electrospun polyurethane nanofiber scaffolds. Relative to aligned nanofibers or flat control, more number of contractile CM tissues were obtained on randomly oriented polyurethane nanofiber substrates, which may thus be better suited for the myocardial tissue engineering application

Spatiotemporal Characterizations of Spontaneously Beating Cardiomyocytes with Adaptive Reference Digital Image Correlation

We developed an Adaptive Reference-Digital Image Correlation (AR-DIC) method that enables unbiased and accurate mechanics measurements of moving biological tissue samples. We applied the AR-DIC analysis to a spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte (CM) tissue, and could provide correct quantifications of tissue displacement and strain for the beating CMs utilizing physiologically-relevant, sarcomere displacement length-based contraction criteria. The data were further synthesized into novel spatiotemporal parameters of CM contraction to account for the CM beating homogeneity, synchronicity, and propagation as holistic measures of functional myocardial tissue development. Our AR-DIC analyses may thus provide advanced non-invasive characterization tools for assessing the development of spontaneously contracting CMs, suggesting an applicability in myocardial regenerative medicine

A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY TO EVALUATE ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN SCRUB TYPHUS PATIENTS: ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN SCRUB TYPHUS PATIENTS

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted with the objective to estimate the incidence and severity of acute kidney injury [AKI] scrub typhus patients. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted 90 patients diagnosed with scrub typhus in a tertiary care centre. Basic demographic and treatment details of the patients were recorded. Routine haematological investigations and biochemical profiles were performed upon admission and follow-up.  AKI was defined and classified based on the RIFLE criteria RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 49.0 ± 19.5 years and female preponderance was observed. The haemoglobin level was significantly lower in AKI patients as compared to non-AKI patients. Meanwhile, there was a significant increase in mean TLC count, CRP, Total bilirubin in AKI patients as compared to non-AKI patients.  was significantly higher  as compared to those without AKI . Increasing age, ICU admission, shock, urinary abnormalities and mechanical ventilation were the factors significantly associated with AKI. CONCLUSION AKI is a frequently reported complication in scrub typhus patients. In evaluating febrile illness associated with AKI, scrub typhus should be considered