Study of Climate Variability Patterns at Different Scales – A Complex Network Approach

Das Klimasystem der Erde besteht aus zahlreichen interagierenden Teilsystemen, die sich über verschiedene Zeitskalen hinweg verändern, was zu einer äußerst komplizierten räumlich-zeitlichen Klimavariabilität führt. Das Verständnis von Prozessen, die auf verschiedenen räumlichen und zeitlichen Skalen ablaufen, ist ein entscheidender Aspekt bei der numerischen Wettervorhersage. Die Variabilität des Klimas, ein sich selbst konstituierendes System, scheint in Mustern auf großen Skalen organisiert zu sein. Die Verwendung von Klimanetzwerken hat sich als erfolgreicher Ansatz für die Erkennung der räumlichen Ausbreitung dieser großräumigen Muster in der Variabilität des Klimasystems erwiesen. In dieser Arbeit wird mit Hilfe von Klimanetzwerken gezeigt, dass die Klimavariabilität nicht nur auf größeren Skalen (Asiatischer Sommermonsun, El Niño/Southern Oscillation), sondern auch auf kleineren Skalen, z.B. auf Wetterzeitskalen, in Mustern organisiert ist. Dies findet Anwendung bei der Erkennung einzelner tropischer Wirbelstürme, bei der Charakterisierung binärer Wirbelsturm-Interaktionen, die zu einer vollständigen Verschmelzung führen, und bei der Untersuchung der intrasaisonalen und interannuellen Variabilität des Asiatischen Sommermonsuns. Schließlich wird die Anwendbarkeit von Klimanetzwerken zur Analyse von Vorhersagefehlern demonstriert, was für die Verbesserung von Vorhersagen von immenser Bedeutung ist. Da korrelierte Fehler durch vorhersagbare Beziehungen zwischen Fehlern verschiedener Regionen aufgrund von zugrunde liegenden systematischen oder zufälligen Prozessen auftreten können, wird gezeigt, dass Fehler-Netzwerke helfen können, die räumlich kohärenten Strukturen von Vorhersagefehlern zu untersuchen. Die Analyse der Fehler-Netzwerk-Topologie von Klimavariablen liefert ein erstes Verständnis der vorherrschenden Fehlerquelle und veranschaulicht das Potenzial von Klimanetzwerken als vielversprechendes Diagnoseinstrument zur Untersuchung von Fehlerkorrelationen.The Earth’s climate system consists of numerous interacting subsystems varying over a multitude of time scales giving rise to highly complicated spatio-temporal climate variability. Understanding processes occurring at different scales, both spatial and temporal, has been a very crucial problem in numerical weather prediction. The variability of climate, a self-constituting system, appears to be organized in patterns on large scales. The climate networks approach has been very successful in detecting the spatial propagation of these large scale patterns of variability in the climate system. In this thesis, it is demonstrated using climate network approach that climate variability is organized in patterns not only at larger scales (Asian Summer Monsoon, El Niño-Southern Oscillation) but also at shorter scales, e.g., weather time scales. This finds application in detecting individual tropical cyclones, characterizing binary cyclone interaction leading to a complete merger, and studying the intraseasonal and interannual variability of the Asian Summer Monsoon. Finally, the applicability of the climate network framework to understand forecast error properties is demonstrated, which is crucial for improvement of forecasts. As correlated errors can arise due to the presence of a predictable relationship between errors of different regions because of some underlying systematic or random process, it is shown that error networks can help to analyze the spatially coherent structures of forecast errors. The analysis of the error network topology of a climate variable provides a preliminary understanding of the dominant source of error, which shows the potential of climate networks as a very promising diagnostic tool to study error correlations

Museum Guide

Ubiquitous computing is a concept in software engineering and computer science where computing is made to appear anytime and everywhere. In contrast to desktop computing, ubiquitous computing can occur using any device, in any location, and in any format. The process of investigating digital devices for the purpose of generating evidence related to an incident under investigation is referred to as Museum Guide. The motivation of this project is to detect crimes committed against people in which the evidence exists on a computer the system attempts to address whether or not evidence for events defined by the investigator is present in the document�s collected from the suspect�s computer. We propose a novel subject based semantic approach that clusters all the documents into a set of overlapping clusters corresponding to one unique subject of interest entered by the investigator

Correlation of placental thickness with gestational age in antenatal women

Background: Accurate estimation of gestational age and fetal wellbeing is mandatory to ensure safe pregnancy and healthy delivery. With recent development in USG, basic scan, Doppler imaging and interventional radiology helped greatly in accurate estimation of gestational age and delivering timely care. The objectives of this study was to determine the USG placental thickness at the level of insertion of cord in antenatal women from gestational age 11 to 40 weeks. To correlate placental thickness with gestational age. To calculate composite gestational age from USG parameters; CRL, BPD, HC, AC, FL. To compare the relationship of menstrual gestational age with placental thickness and composite gestational age separatelyMethods: It is a comparative study of 2 years duration. Total 322 patients were included. Gestational age was determined from LMP. Patient’s routine obstetric USG was done and composite gestational age was calculated from fetal parameters like BPD, HC, AC and FL (CRL in 11 to 14 weeks). At the same time placental thickness was determined at the level of insertion of umbilical cord. The plane of USG image was adjusted so that the thickness measured from cord insertion is perpendicular to the margin of uterine wall.Results: The following parameters were noted: correlation of period of gestation (weeks) with composite gestational age (weeks) correlation of period of gestation (weeks) with gestational age calculated by placental thickness (weeks).Conclusions: Placental thickness can give an estimation of gestational age. The linear correlation and statistical compatibility of placental thickness makes it an alternate parameter for gestational age. Knowledge of correct gestational age helps in delivering proper antenatal care, assessing fetal wellbeing, identifying pathology at the earliest and timely decision of termination and providing safe motherhood

酸化還元活性な配位高分子の電気伝導性及び熱電特性に関する研究

要約のみTohoku University坂本良太課

酸化還元活性な配位高分子の電気伝導性及び熱電特性に関する研究

要約のみTohoku University坂本良太課

Myconanotechnology and application of nanoparticles in biology

To develop a new green approach for biosynthesis of nanoparticles, myconanotechnology has been represented as a novel field of study in nanotechnology. Several scientists have re-explored the fungi including yeasts and filamentous fungi as a biofactory for eco-friendly, cost-effective synthesis of nanoparticles. The advantageous of fungal-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles have turned the attention of scientists to the kingdom of fungi. The most notable benefits of applying fungi in nanoscience are their resistance to many harsh conditions as well as secretion of extracellular reductive proteins so that it makes the downstream processes easier. This review focuses on general introduction, synthesis of nanoparticles through fungi and its application in biology

A prospective clinical study of foetomaternal outcome in relation to amniotic fluid index in pregnant females beyond 36 weeks of gestation at tertiary centre

Background: Amniotic fluid plays a vital role during foetal life. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the foetomaternal outcome in relation to amniotic fluid index in pregnant females beyond 36 weeks of gestation.Methods: This prospective type of study was conducted for one-year duration from May 2018 to May 2019 in 350 pregnant females beyond 36 weeks of gestation with clinically significant abnormal liquor volume. Clinical diagnosis was later on confirmed with ultrasonography and patients were categorized in three categories as patients with Amniotic fluid index (AFI) 5 to 24, AFI or = 25. Complete labour record was made and fetomaternal outcome was assessed.Results: In this study, incidence of oligohydramnios was found to be more than polyhydramnios at term. No significant differences were found in relation to age, parity, religion, residence and booking status in all the study groups. Mostly patients 119 (52%) delivered by caesarean section in oligohydramnios group whereas vaginal delivery was commonly seen in patients with normal AFI (80%) and polyhydramnios (55%). Growth restriction 59 (26%) and malpresentation 18 (8%) were commonly seen with oligohydramnios. In the polyhydramnios group, 14 (35%) babies had malformations whereas only 6 (3%) babies had malformations in patients with oligohydramnios. Significant differences were found in the foetal outcome between the patients with oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios in comparison to patients with normal AFI.Conclusions: In pregnant females with abnormal liquor volume increases the chances of maternal morbidity and perinatal morbidity and mortality

Baymax- Your Mental Health Care Companion - An Artificial Intelligence based Chat bot for Mental Health Care

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and techniques have useful purposes in every domain of mental health care including clinical decision-making, treatments, assessment, self-care, mental health care management and more. Recent technological innovations are highlighted to demonstrate capabilities and opportunities. This application involves an AI based Expert System which can significantly contribute to improving mental health of an individual to lead a better life without any stress or melancholy. The expert system provides expert advice and therapy to overcome negative thoughts. This app can also help to reduce the number of suicides caused due to extreme depression. It is about virtual human conversation with the system to support user’s interaction within a mental health care context. It provides private online healthcare guidance and support where the app can serve the role of a clinician or a psychotherapist.It uses Smartphone technology particularly relevant for applications in Mental health. Recent advances in artificial intelligence are providing an unprecedented ability of online mental health care research and clinical organizations to collect and analyse data that is broader in scope. This application provides a system capable of calculating the depression level using Fuzzy Logic Controller. It sends an alert message to user’s acquaintance thereby preventing the user from causing harm to himself. It tries to imbibe happy thoughts and optimism into the user. Thus, this system can have a meaningful impact on people’s lives by improving their mental health

Screening for exopolysaccharide production from basidiomycetes of chhattisgarh

Polysaccharides extracted from mushrooms have wide applications. Seven species of mushrooms  i.e. Grifola frondosa, Polyporus species 1, Polyporus species 2, Pleurotus sajorcaju, Pleurotus florida, Schizophyllum commune and Jelly species were collected and each species was tested for their polysaccharide producing ability. Among all seven species, Pleurotus sajorcaju produces maximum exopolysaccharide & minimum was produced by Pleurotus florida 1. Polysaccharide production was checked by incubating all seven species in shaking and static conditions. Although 28°C at 150 rpm for 7 and 14 days is the best condition  for exopolysaccharide production from mushroom species. Total biomass (dry weight and wet weight) was also recorded. Maximum biomass was found to be of Schizophyllum commune. Total free glucose produced was also determined and was found to be highest in Pleurotus florida. Natural polysaccharides can play a relevant role in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, particularly in the field of drug delivery, for their intrinsic biocompatibility and potential low cost

Interconnection between the Indian and the East Asian summer monsoon: Spatial synchronization patterns of extreme rainfall events

A deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between the two components of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM)—the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM)—is crucial to improve the subseasonal forecasting of extreme precipitation events. Using an innovative complex network-based approach, we identify two dominant synchronization pathways between ISM and EASM—a southern mode between the Arabian Sea and southeastern China occurring in June, and a northern mode between the core ISM zone and northern China which peaks in July—and their associated large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. Furthermore, we discover that certain phases of the Madden–Julian oscillation and the lower frequency mode of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) seem to favour the overall synchronization of extreme rainfall events between ISM and EASM while the higher-frequency mode of the BSISO is likely to support the shifting between the modes of ISM–EASM connection