INVESTIGATION OF ELECTROLESS Ni-P-TiO2 COMPOSITE COATING ON AA7075 FOR SURGICAL TOOLS APPLICATION

The absorption and dissemination of bacteria on the surface of medical equipment raises the risk of human infection

Seasonal Variability of Waterlogging in Rangpur City Corporation Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques

Waterlogging hazard is a significant environmental issue closely linked to land use for sustainable urbanization. NDWI is widely and effectively used in identifying and visualizing surface water distribution based on satellite imagery. Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI TIRS images of pre and post-monsoon (2002, 2019) have been used. The main objective of this study is to detect the seasonal variation of waterlogging in Rangpur City Corporation (RPCC) in 2002 and 2019. In the present study, we used an integrated procedure by using ArcGIS raster analysis. For pre and post-monsoon, almost 93% accuracy was obtained from image analysis. Results show that in 2002 during the pre and post-monsoon period, waterlogged areas were about 159.58 km2 and 32.32 km2, respectively, wherein in 2019, the changes in waterlogged areas are reversed than 2002. In 2019, during pre-monsoon, waterlogged area areas were 122.79 km2, and during post-monsoon, it increased to 127.05 km2. The research also depicts that the trend of the waterlogging situation largely depends on seasonal rainfall and a flawed drainage system. Keywords : Seasonal variation; Waterlogging; Remote sensing; GIS; Rangpur City Corporation   Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International Licens

Potential Benefits of Bioactive Compounds of Traditional Rice Grown in South and Southeast Asia: A Review

Traditional rice varieties have been widely cultivated and popularly consumed by Asian people for a very long time and have recently garnered increased consumer concern. Traditional or indigenous rice varieties are known to be rich in a wide range of bioactive compounds, particularly phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, phytic acids, and γ-oryzanol. We have identified 32 phenolic acids, including hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and 7 different flavonoids in rice varieties. These bioactive compounds have unique physiological effects on human health. Additionally, rice grains exhibit nutraceutical potential for antidiabetic, antiarthritic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. In this review, we critically analyzed the bioactive components of traditional rice and their nutraceutical potential in protecting against harmful microbial activities. To ensure that future generations have access to these beneficial substances, it is crucial to preserve traditional rice varieties

Spatial Analysis of Slowly Oscillating Electric Activity in the Gut of Mice Using Low Impedance Arrayed Microelectrodes

<div><p>Smooth and elaborate gut motility is based on cellular cooperation, including smooth muscle, enteric neurons and special interstitial cells acting as pacemaker cells. Therefore, spatial characterization of electric activity in tissues containing these electric excitable cells is required for a precise understanding of gut motility. Furthermore, tools to evaluate spatial electric activity in a small area would be useful for the investigation of model animals. We thus employed a microelectrode array (MEA) system to simultaneously measure a set of 8×8 field potentials in a square area of ∼1 mm². The size of each recording electrode was 50×50 µm², however the surface area was increased by fixing platinum black particles. The impedance of microelectrode was sufficiently low to apply a high-pass filter of 0.1 Hz. Mapping of spectral power, and auto-correlation and cross-correlation parameters characterized the spatial properties of spontaneous electric activity in the ileum of wild-type (WT) and <i>W/W^v</i> mice, the latter serving as a model of impaired network of pacemaking interstitial cells. Namely, electric activities measured varied in both size and cooperativity in <i>W/W^v</i> mice, despite the small area. In the ileum of WT mice, procedures suppressing the excitability of smooth muscle and neurons altered the propagation of spontaneous electric activity, but had little change in the period of oscillations. In conclusion, MEA with low impedance electrodes enables to measure slowly oscillating electric activity, and is useful to evaluate both histological and functional changes in the spatio-temporal property of gut electric activity.</p></div

The Effect of Welding Current and Electrode Force on the Heat Input, Weld Diameter, and Physical and Mechanical Properties of SS316L/Ti6Al4V Dissimilar Resistance Spot Welding with Aluminum Interlayer

Welding parameters obviously determine the joint quality during the resistance spot welding process. This study aimed to investigate the effect of welding current and electrode force on the heat input and the physical and mechanical properties of a SS316L and Ti6Al4V joint with an aluminum interlayer. The weld current values used in this study were 11, 12, and 13 kA, while the electrode force values were 3, 4, and 5 kN. Welding time and holding time remained constant at 30 cycles. The study revealed that, as the welding current and electrode force increased, the generated heat input increased significantly. The highest tensile-shear load was recorded at 8.71 kN using 11 kA of weld current and 3 kN of electrode force. The physical properties examined the formation of a brittle fracture and several weld defects on the high current welded joint. The increase in weld current also increased the weld diameter. The microstructure analysis revealed no phase transformation on the SS316L interface; instead, the significant grain growth occurred. The phase transformation has occurred on the Ti6Al4V interface. The intermetallic compound layer was also investigated in detail using the EDX (Energy Dispersive X-Ray) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) analyses. It was also found that both stainless steel and titanium alloy have their own fusion zone, which is indicated by the highest microhardness value

Cross-correlation analyses.

<p>Panel A shows a cross-correlation function constructed from field potential recordings at Ch28 and Ch52 in an ileal musculature of WT mice (the same preparation shown in Fig. 1E). Panels B and C show the distribution of the phase-shift (x-axis) and the amplitude (y-axis), respectively, of the peak in cross-correlation functions derived from all 64Ch MEA data, in the same ileal preparation shown in A. Ch28 was used as the base channel. Panels D–F show cross-correlation function, phase-shift map and cross-correlation map, respectively, in the presence of nifedipine and TTX in the same preparation shown in A–C. Panels G–I were constructed from MEA data recorded from an ileal musculature of <i>W/W^v</i> mice (the same preparation in Fig. 5D–F).</p

Procedures used in MEA analyses.

<p>8×8 array data of field potentials were normally thinned by a 1000-fold time domain, thereby the sampling interval was increased to 50 ms. 1) In power spectrum analysis, Fourier transformation was applied to each field potential recording (1024 points for ∼52 s), and the spectral power in the frequency between 9.4 to 27.0 cpm was plotted as a 2D pseudo-colour image (Power map). 2) Auto-correlation function was derived from each field potential recording (1024 points) of 8×8 array data, after digital band-pass filtering (DBPF) of 0.05–0.5 Hz. The shift to the next peak was used as a period of spontaneous electric activity. 3) Cross-correlation function was derived from each field potential recording (1024 points) of 8×8 array data using Ch28 as a base channel, after DBPF of 0.05–0.5 Hz. The shifts (time-lags) and cross-correlation values of the peak in cross-correlation curves were plotted as 2D pseudo-colour images (Phase-shift map and Cross-correlation map, respectively).</p

Spectral power analysis.

<p>A–B) Power spectrum transformed from field potentials at Ch 28 and pseudo-colour map constructed from the same array data used in Fig. 1E (the ileum of a WT mouse). C–D) Power spectrum and pseudo-colour map for a <i>W/W^v</i> mouse preparation. The data in Fig. 1F was used. Note the spectral peak corresponding to the oscillation frequency seen only in WT mice. E–F) Bar graphs E and F show the effect of nifedipine (1 µM) and TTX (250 nM) on the spectral power summed in all channels in WT and <i>W/W^v</i> mice, respectively. These drugs were applied to record ICC pacemaker activity by suppressing smooth muscle and enteric neurones. Asterisks represent statistical significance (<i>P</i><0.05). Note that the Y-axis is expanded in C and F.</p

8×8 MEA recording.

<p>A) Ileal musculature from mice mounted in a recording chamber with an 8×8 MEA in the centre. Extracellular field potentials were simultaneously measured at 64 channels with a high-pass filtering of 0.1 Hz. B) Alignment of MEA recording channels. C) Recording microelectrodes shown with a large magnification. D) Scheme of a recording electrode. Platinum black particles are fixed on an ITO connecting plate. Electrodes are separated with insulating polymers. E–F) Each set of 64 field potentials represent an example of simultaneous recording from ileal musculatures of WT or <i>W/W^v</i> mice in normal solution. Digital filter was not applied. Traces show field potentials of only 5 s.</p