The hornwort genome and early land plant evolution

Hornworts, liverworts and mosses are three early diverging clades of land plants, and together comprise the bryophytes. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the hornwort Anthoceros angustus. Phylogenomic inferences confirm the monophyly of bryophytes, with hornworts sister to liverworts and mosses. The simple morphology of hornworts correlates with low genetic redundancy in plant body plan, while the basic transcriptional regulation toolkit for plant development has already been established in this early land plant lineage. Although the Anthoceros genome is small and characterized by minimal redundancy, expansions are observed in gene families related to RNA editing, UV protection and desiccation tolerance. The genome of A. angustus bears the signatures of horizontally transferred genes from bacteria and fungi, in particular of genes operating in stress-response and metabolic pathways. Our study provides insight into the unique features of hornworts and their molecular adaptations to live on land

Lévy stable distribution and space-fractional Fokker–Planck type equation

The space-fractional Fokker–Planck type equation ∂p∂t+γ∂p∂x=-D(-Δ)α/2p(0<α⩽2) subject to the initial condition p(x,0)=δ(x) is solved in terms of Fox H functions. The solution as γ=0 expresses the Lévy stable distribution with the index α. From the properties of Fox H functions, the series representation and asymptotic behavior for the solution are also obtained. Lévy stable distribution as 0<α<2 describes anomalous superdiffusion and its diffusion velocity is characterized by xd∝(Dt)1/α

Multi-scale Research Progress of Manufacturing Defects for Thermoplastic FRP Fabricated by Automated Fiber Placement

The formation process of manufacturing defects in Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) fabricated by automated fiber placement which involves different spatiotemporal scales, the mechanism of defects cannot be achieved by using macroscopic failure theory and experimental analysis methods. To solve these issues, this paper aimed at thermoplastic FRP, the common types of defects and reasons they formed were reported, and the present situation of bubble nucleation, thermo-mechanical coupling, theory of interface strengthening and in-situ consolidation were investigated. More importantly, the shortcomings of the current method for mechanism of defects were pointed out. According to existing multi-scale analysis method and nested relation of material design, multi-scale analysis method of anti-serial nested was presented, furthermore analysis and calculation method of microscopic mechanics parameters were discussed, such as fluidity of matrix, crystallinity, viscoelasticity, hygroscopicity. Finally, multi-scale collaborative design method for process parameters in FRP placement was put forward, based on methods of Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) and Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO). The future research will focus on analysis of the correlation characteristics of processing parameters, manufacturing defects and mechanical properties after application with AFP prototype. The mechanism of defects formation will be then revealed, and simultaneously, processing parameters will be optimized

Coarctation of the Aorta with Aortic Arch Hypoplasia: Midterm Outcomes of Aortic Arch Reconstruction with Autologous Pulmonary Artery Patch

Background: Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) with aortic arch hypoplasia (AAH) is a relatively common congenital heart disease in clinical practice. Nonetheless, the corrective surgical technique for infants and children is a clinical problem that remains controversial. In this study, we sought to evaluate the surgical effects of aortic arch (AA) reconstruction with coarctation resection and aortoplasty with autologous pulmonary artery patch for infants and young children with CoA and AAH. Methods: Between January 2009 and December 2015, a total of 22 infants and young children with CoA and AAH who underwent coarctation resection and aortoplasty with autologous pulmonary artery patch were enrolled in this study. The median age of patients was 4.5 (Q1, Q3: 2.0, 14.0) months and the median body weight was 5.75 (Q1, Q3: 4.10, 9.38) kg. All patients were diagnosed with CoA and AAH, and concomitant cardiac anomalies were corrected in one stage. Perioperative and postoperative data were collected and analyzed using the paired sample t-test. Results: No perioperative deaths occurred. No residual obstruction was detected by echocardiography. The postoperative pressure difference across the repaired segment of CoA was 14.05 ± 4.26 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa), which was smaller than the preoperative pressure difference (48.30 ± 15.73 mmHg; t = −10.119, P < 0.001). The median follow-up time was 29.0 (Q1, Q3: 15.5, 57.3) months. There was no death during the follow-up period, and all patients experienced obvious clinical improvement. Only one child underwent subsequent aortic balloon angioplasty due to restenosis. Computed tomography angiography showed that the AA morphology was smooth, with no aortic aneurysm or angulation deformity. Conclusion: AA reconstruction with coarctation resection and aortoplasty with autologous pulmonary artery patch could effectively correct CoA with AAH, and the rate of reintervention for restenosis is low

Synthesis and crystal structure of ternary complex [Cu(phen)(sal)](ClO₄)

2530-2532The ternary copper (II) complex, [Cu(phen)(sal)](ClO4) (phen= 1,10-phenanthroline, sal = salicylaldehyde) has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The complex crystallizes in triclinic space group P 1,with a= 0.9163 (3) nm, b = 0.9317(3) nm, c = 1.1724(4) nm, α=96.247(6)o ,β = 111.012(5)°, γ= 97.113(6)°, V = 1.686 Mg/m3 , Z =2, R = 0.0454