The effect of some flavonoids on paraoxonase-1 activity

زمینه و هدف: پاراکسوناز-1 آنزیم وابسته به کلسیم می باشد که با HDL باند می گردد و با داشتن قابلیت جلوگیری از اکسیداسیون LDL نقش مهمی در پیشگیری از اترواسکلروزیس ایفا می کند. به نظر می رسد که آنتی اکسیدان های مختلف مثل فلاونوئیدها بر میزان فعالیت آنزیم پاراکسوناز موثر می باشند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر برخی از فلاونوئیدها بر میزان فعالیت سرمی آنزیم پاراکسوناز انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، ابتدا تعداد 45 عدد موش صحرایی از نژاد ویستار به 9 گروه 5 تایی تقسیم شدند. به گروه 1 به عنوان گروه های شاهد روزانه 1 میلی لیتر محلول آب و اتانول 25 داده شد. به گروه های 2 تا 5 مقدار 5/7 میلی گرم و گروه های 6 تا 9 مقدار 15 میلی گرم از یکی از فلاونوییدهای کوئرستین، میریستین، گالانژین و کامپفرول به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن به علاوه 1 میلی لیتر اتانول 25 خورانده شد. میانگین تغییرات فعالیت آنزیم بین گروه ها در اثر مداخلات انجام شده در بین گروه ها مقایسه گردید. یافته ها: تفاوت میانگین تغییرات فعالیت آنزیم PON-1 قبل و بعد از تیمار بین همه گروه ها در هر دو دوز 5/7 و 15 میلی گرم به ازای کیلوگرم وزن بدن معنی دار بود (

The impacts of C1q/TNF-related protein-15 and adiponectin on Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in primary macrophages of patients with coronary artery diseases

Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids in the arterial wall. Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and some previous studies have shown the role of adipokines during the inflammatory process of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of adiponectin and CTRP15 on inflammatory cytokines secretions from THP1 and primary macrophages. Methods: THP1 monocytes were differentiated to macrophages and primary monocytes were then isolated from patients with coronary artery disease and controls who were differentiated to macrophages. Macrophages were treated with LPS, LPS+adiponectin, and LPS+CTRP15. Results: Adiponectin and CTRP15 have reduced IL-6 and TNF-α secretions from LPS-induced THP1 macrophages, and the CTRP15 indicated a more potent anti-inflammatory property compared to adiponectin. In addition, adiponectin reduced cytokines� expressions and secretions in primary macrophages of both patient and control groups. However, CTRP15 has only reduced cytokines� expressions and secretions in controls and it was not able to ameliorate inflammation in macrophages of CAD patients. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate anti-inflammatory impact of adiponectin and CTRP15, while this property was stronger for CTRP15. In addition, it seems likely that anti-inflammatory CTRP15�s impact on macrophages in the CAD patients was weaker than macrophages from the controls

The expression levels of miRNAs- 27a and 23a in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their correlation with FOXO1 and some inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)

Background: Atherosclerosis as a progressive inflammatory disease is the main cause of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Multiple genetic and environmental factors are involved in susceptibility to atherosclerotic vascular diseases. FOXO1 gene acts as a key molecular proinflammatory transcription factor and the FBOX32 gene as an F-box protein plays pivotal roles in regulation of muscle atrophy and inhibition of the pathologic cardiac hypertrophy. MiR-27a has been reported to contribute to atherosclerosis prevention and the inflammatory processes of atherosclerosis. MicroRNA-23a has been found to promote atherosclerotic plaque progression and vulnerability. Hence, given the importance of these subjects, the present study was carried out to investigate the expression levels of the desired genes. Methodology: In this case-control study, 82 patients with CAD and 80 healthy controls were investigated. Expression levels of miRNAs -27a and 23a, FOXO1, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs), serum concentration of IL6 and TNF-α of the studied subjects were evaluated using the real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. The correlation between the variables was also investigated. Results: Results of the study demonstrated that expression of FOXO1, IL-6, TNF-α, miR-27a, and miR-23a increased in the PBMCs of the patients with CAD and their expression levels were significantly correlated with the severity of stenosis. A significant decrease was observed in the expression of SIRT1 in the patients with CAD compared to the healthy controls. Furthermore, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to find the effectiveness of FOXO1 and miRNA-27a gene expression as a diagnostic marker for CAD. Conclusions: Findings of the study suggested that miRs-27a and FOXO1 genes have a potential role in the progression of atherosclerosis and mediate the molecular and genetic disturbances of the intracellular communication in the atherosclerosis. Keywords: Akt1; Atherosclerosis; FBOX3; FOXO1; SIRT1; miRNA

Serum levels of subfatin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with vascular adhesion molecules

Subfatin is a newly discovered adipokine with insulin-sensitizing properties. Studies reported conflicting data with regard to the circulating levels and expression of Subfatin in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. The present study was conducted on 52 patients with T2DM, 36 prediabetes subjects, and 50 controls. The serum levels of Subfatin, adhesion molecules were measured by the ELISA technique. The serum Subfatin was lower in the T2DM and prediabetes groups. The serum levels of adhesion molecules were higher in the T2DM group. In addition, Subfatin demonstrated lower levels in obese patients with T2DM in comparison to lean T2DM patients. Furthermore, Subfatin showed a negative association with vascular adhesion molecules in prediabetes subjects and the T2DM group. A decrease in the serum Subfatin in T2DM patients and prediabetes subjects, and its association with vascular adhesion molecules suggested the possible role of Subfatin in diabetes and endothelial dysfunction. Keywords:Subfatin; meteorin-like; ICAM-1; VCAM-1; E-selectin; endothelial dysfunctio

Higher serum level of CTRP15 in patients with coronary artery disease is associated with disease severity, body mass index and insulin resistance

Background: CTRP15 is a prologue of adiponectin which has shown to have favourable effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Studies have reported lower levels of CTRP15 in T2DM and metabolic syndrome; however, its circulating levels have not been evaluated in CAD patients. Methods: This case–control study was conducted on 190 angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and 70 controls. Serum levels of CTRP15, adiponectin, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured using the ELISA technique. Results: CTRP15 was shown to occur in higher levels in CAD patients compared with controls. In CAD patients, CTRP15 showed a positive correlation with BMI, FBS, insulin, HOMA-IR, IL-6, and TNF-α and a negative correlation with HDL-C and adiponectin. Conclusion: Elevated levels of CTRP15 in CAD patients and the relation of CTRP15 with pathogenic conditions such as insulin resistance, inflammation, and decreased adiponectin and HDL-C suggest a possible compensatory response to these conditions in CAD patient