Cytoxicity of root canal antiseptics used in dental practice on L929 fibroblasts: calcium hydroxide powder vs. 2% chlorhexidine solution

Background & Objective: Chlorhexidine solution is one of the widely used mouth antiseptic liquid that prevents teeth tissue damage and also has application as a root canal antiseptic. In this study, cytotoxicity of 2% chlorhexidine solution is compared with another root canal antiseptic, calcium hydroxide powder.Materials and Methods: Cell cytotoxicity of both chemicals was assessed on cultured L929 fibroblastic cell line for 1,12, 24, 48 and 72 hours using MTT assay (Methyl tetrazolium bromide assay). Untreated L929 cells were used as a negative control group. MTT results were recorded by ELISA reader and analyzed using one-way ANOVA statistical tests.Results: Cytotoxicity of studied chemicals showed significant difference in various dilutions and times (1, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h). The highest cytotoxic effect of 2% chlorhexidine solution was observed in concentration of 0.016% for 72 h. Treatment of cells with 0.016% of 2% chlorhexidine liquid and calcium hydroxide powder for 72 hours showed 80% and 45% cytotoxicity, respectively.Conclusions: Cytotoxicity of calcium hydroxide is significantly less than 2% chlorhexidine liquid and then application of calcium hydroxide powder as root canal antiseptic is recommended

Attenuation of Inflammatory Responses in Breast and Ovarian Cancer Cells by a Novel Chalcone Derivative and Its Increased Potency by Curcumin

Background. Breast and ovarian cancers are two common malignancies in women and a leading cause of death globally. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of a novel chalcone derivative 1-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(phenylthio)-3-(p-tolyl)propane-1-one (MPP) individually or combined with curcumin, a well-known herbal medicine with anticancer properties, as a new combination therapy on inflammatory pathways in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. Methods. LPS-induced NF-κB DNA-binding activity and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured in the MPP- and MPP-curcumin combination-treated MDA-MB-231 and SKOV3 cells by ELISA-based methods. The expression of COX2, INOS, and MMP9 genes and nitrite levels was also evaluated by real-time qRT-PCR and Griess method, respectively. IκB levels were evaluated by Western blotting. Results. MPP significantly inhibited the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB in each cell line and subsequently suppressed the expression of downstream genes including COX2, MMP9, and INOS. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as NO, were also decreased in response to MPP. All the effects of MPP were enhanced by the addition of curcumin. MPP, especially when combined with curcumin, caused a remarkable increase in the concentration of IκB. Conclusion. MPP and its coadministration with curcumin effectively reduced the activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to a reduced inflammatory response in the environment of cancer cells. Thus, MPP, either alone or combined with curcumin, might be considered an effective remedy for the suppression of inflammatory processes in breast and ovarian cancer cells

Additional file 1 of Resveratrol promotes liver cell survival in mice liver-induced ischemia-reperfusion through unfolded protein response: a possible approach in liver transplantation

Additional file 1: Figure 1S. The effect of resveratrol on the serum ALT and AST levels after I/R. Resveratrol was injected into the tail vein of the mouse 5 minutes before reperfusion. The mice’s underwent 1 hour of ischemia and were sacrificed after 3 hours of reperfusion (I/R). Data are expressed as mean ± SD. According to the Tukey post-hoc test used for the comparison between groups, the groups with the same superscript letters did not have significant differences when α = 0.05 (p ≥ .05). Thus, various letters show considerable differences (p <0.05). Figure 2S. The impact of resveratrol on the expression levels of GRP78, PERK, ATF6α, CHOP and XBP1 after I/R. Sham-operated group, I/R, DMSO, 0.02, 0.2 and 2. The mice’s were sacrificed after 1 hour of ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) for 3 hours. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. One-way analysis of variance is used to compare the groups with the same superscript letters, which are not significantly different when α = 0.05 (p ≥ 0.05). However, various letters show considerable differences (p <0.05). Figure 4S. Evaluation of the effect of resveratrol on the liver injury after I/R by histopathological analysis. Sham-operated group with normal liver architecture (A). In mice’s in the IR and IR + DMSO groups (B and C), obvious sinusoidal congestion, vacuolation of the hepatocytes (thin arrow), and focal parenchyma inflammation (thick arrow) were obvious. Mice’s with mild sinusoidal dilation received resveratrol at 0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg. Abnormal histopathological changes in the resveratrol group (D and E) were significantly improved. A higher dose (2 mg / kg) of resveratrol did not have a significant protective effect on the treatment of I / R injury in mice’s (F)