300 research outputs found
The Iranian female high school students' attitude towards people with HIV/AIDS: a cross-sectional study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has become an important public health hazard in Iran. It is believed that AIDS-related knowledge does not necessarily translate into behavior modification. Hence, it has been suggested that culturally appropriate educational campaigns should be implemented to obtain satisfactory outcomes. Here, we evaluated the female high school students' attitude towards HIV/AIDS in Tabriz, Iran to assess the cultural needs for the related educational programs and to discover sources of information about AIDS.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Anonymous, self-administered questionnaires were filled by the young female students. Among 300 students, 91% agreed that being an HIV carrier should not be an obstacle to obtaining education and employment. Moreover, 72.5% of the students declared that the community should be informed of HIV-positive people. In addition, one-tenth declared that they would feel extremely uncomfortable towards their HIV infected classmate. In addition, only 16% of the students stated that they would continue to shop at HIV infected grocer's store. The mass media and the experts were the major source and the most reliable source of information about AIDS, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Tabrizian female students have overall negative attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS related educational campaigns should target the students, society and the families with emphasizing the leading roles of health staff.</p
Study on the association of BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles with clinical mastitis in Iranian Holstein and Sarabi (Iranian native) cattle
Seventy-five Iranian Holstein cattle which comprised of two different groups (49 susceptible cattle to clinical mastitis and 26 resistant cattle to clinical mastitis) as well as forty-five Sarabi breed cattle were studied randomly for polymorphism in BoLA-DRB3.2 gene. Genotyping by single strand conformation polymorphism- polymerase chain reaction (SSCP-PCR) and then sequencing revealed the presence of previously reported 13 alleles of BoLA-DRB3.2 gene across both studied breeds. However, 3 new alleleswere identified for the studied gene in Sarabi breed in addition to the 13 alleles. Cloning and sequencing of the three newly found alleles in this study confirmed their novelty (NCBI Genebank accession numbers, EU362974, EU372975 and EU372976). Multi-primer target polymerase chain reaction (MPT-PCR) in this study failed to accurately differentiate the resistant and susceptible cattle to clinical mastitis. A combination of single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and heteroduplex analysis (HA) in a non-denaturing gel, successfully detected the resistant genotype to clinical mastitis (DRB3.2*16). To the best of our knowledge, this is a pioneer study on the BoLA-DRB3.2 gene across an Iranian native breed (Sarabi). The results demonstrated that the BoLA-DRB3.2 locus is highlypolymorphic in the Sarabi cattle
Accessory venous sinus of Hyrtl
Variations of the intracranial venous sinuses are important to the surgeon during intraoperative procedures and to the clinician during imaging interpretation. We report a male cadaver found to have a rare venous sinus variation. In all likelihood, this sinus corresponded to the rarely reported accessory venous sinus
of Hyrtl. The sinus was approximately 5 mm in width and traveled from the
sphenoparietal sinus anteriorly to the veins, draining into the foramen spinosum (i.e. the middle meningeal veins) posteriorly. No other variations or obvious pathology were identified intracranially or extracranially. Knowledge of such a venous variation may be of use to the clinician
Levator claviculae: a case report and review of the literature
The levator claviculae is an uncommon anatomical variant found in the posterior
cervical triangle. In this report we present a 78-year-old man with this
muscular variation, which was found during gross anatomical dissection. While
sites of insertion and origin have been variable, in the present case the muscle
originated from the left transverse processes of C3 and C4, and inserted onto
the lateral third of the ipsilateral clavicle. Clinical considerations of this variant
anatomy are of interest, as they may present in patients as a supraclavicular
mass and may also mimic pathology on cross-sectional imaging
A proposal for Marchenko-based target-oriented full waveform inversion
The Hessian matrix plays an important role in correct interpretation of the
multiple scattered wave fields inside the FWI frame work. Due to the high
computational costs, the computation of the Hessian matrix is not feasible.
Consequently, FWI produces overburden related artifacts inside the target zone
model, due to the lack of the exact Hessian matrix. We have shown here that
Marchenko-based target-oriented Full Waveform Inversion can compensate the need
of Hessian matrix inversion by reducing the non-linearity due to overburden
effects. This is achieved by exploiting Marchenko-based target replacement to
remove the overburden response and its interactions with the target zone from
residuals and inserting the response of the updated target zone into the
response of the entire medium. We have also shown that this method is more
robust with respect to prior information than the standard gradient FWI.
Similarly to standard Marchenko imaging, the proposed method only requires
knowledge of the direct arrival time from a focusing point to the surface and
the reflection response of the medium.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 82th EAGE Conference & Exhibitio
A complex dural-venous variation in the posterior cranial fossa: a triplicate falx cerebelli and an aberrant venous sinus
Variations of the dural folds and the dural venous sinuses are seldom reported in the extant medical literature. Such variations in the posterior cranial fossa may be problematic in various diagnostic and operative procedures of this region. We report our observation of an extremely rare variation of the falx cerebelli and posterior cranial fossa venous sinuses encountered upon dissection of a young male cadaver. In this specimen the falx cerebelli was duplicated with dimensions of 45.3 × 5.1 mm and 49.8 × 5.3 mm for the right and left falces respectively. The distance between the two falces was 3.2, 4.5 and 7.8 mm at their proximal, middle and distal thirds. An accessory small falx (31.8 × 2 mm) was also found approximately 3.4 mm lateral to the right falx cerebelli and blended with the lateral surface of the right falx cerebelli. There was only one occipital venous sinus (diameter, 2.5 mm) and no marginal sinus was detected. At the right floor of the posterior cranial fossa (posterolateral to the foramen magnum) an additional dural venous sinus was found, which connected the terminal portion of the right sigmoid sinus to the occipital and right transverse sinuses via one medial and two lateral branches respectively. We believe that such a complex dural-venous variation in the posterior cranial fossa has not previously been reported. Neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists should be aware of such variations, as these could be potential sources of haemorrhage during suboccipital approaches or may lead to erroneous interpretations of imaging of the posterior cranial fossa
The ansa subclavia: a review of the literature
The ansa subclavia, subclavian loop, Vieussens’ ansa or Vieussens’ loop is
a nerve cord that connects the middle cervical and inferior cervical sympathetic
ganglia, forming a loop around the subclavian artery. The structure of the ansa
subclavia is evolutionarily conserved from rats, guinea pigs, the porcine species
and dogs to humans. A common application in physiological studies is to electrically
stimulate the ansa subclavia in animal models as a robust protocol to
modulate stimulatory cardiac sympathetic input. Despite a large number of
physiological studies utilizing the ansa subclavia, only very brief descriptions
have been devoted to it in standard anatomy texts. An extensive search found
only one report in the English language literature concerning the anatomy of
the ansa subclavia. The aim of this report, therefore, was to provide a comprehensive
review of the clinical anatomy of the ansa subclavia and to discuss its
potential physiological functions
Calculating Super Efficiency of DMUs for Ranking Units in Data Envelopment Analysis Based on SBM Model
There are a number of methods for ranking decision making units (DMUs), among which calculating super efficiency and then ranking the units based on the obtained amount of super efficiency are both valid and efficient. Since most of the proposed models do not provide the projection of Pareto efficiency, a model is developed and presented through this paper based on which in the projection of Pareto-efficient is obtained, in addition to calculating the amount of super efficiency. Moreover, the model is unit invariant, and is always feasible and makes the amount of inefficiency effective in ranking
An interrupted inferior vena cava in a situs inversus: a case report and review of the literature
Situs inversus with interrupted inferior vena cava is an uncommon anatomic
variant found in the abdominal and thoracic viscera. In this report, we present
a 59-year-old woman with this variation, found during gross anatomical dissection.
While this type of variation has been variable, in the present case the
hepatic veins drained directly into a very short (2.2 cm) inferior vena cava. The
infrarenal component of the inferior vena cava was present and drained into
the azygos and hemiazygos veins. Clinical considerations of this variant anatomy
are of interest, as they may present in patients as pathology on cross sectional
imaging
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