THE EFFECT OF FEEDGRAIN PROGRAM PARTICIPATION ON CHEMICAL USE

Economic incentives created by the commodity programs are hypothesized to cause program participants to apply agrichemicals at greater rates than nonparticipants. Corn producers who participate in the USDA feedgrain program are shown to apply nitrogen, herbicides, and insecticides at statistically greater rates than those who do not participate.Crop Production/Industries,

K/T boundary stratigraphy: Evidence for multiple impacts and a possible comet stream

A critical set of observations bearing on the K/T boundary events were obtained from several dozen sites in western North America. Thin strata at and adjacent to the K/T boundary are locally preserved in association with coal beds at these sites. The strata were laid down in local shallow basins that were either intermittently flooded or occupied by very shallow ponds. Detailed examination of the stratigraphy at numerous sites led to the recognition of two distinct strata at the boundary. From the time that the two strata were first recognized, E.M. Shoemaker has maintained that they record two impact events. We report some of the evidence that supports this conclusion

Chemical fractionation of siderophile elements in impactites from Australian meteorite craters

The abundance pattern of siderophile elements in terrestrial and lunar impact melt rocks was used extensively to infer the nature of the impacting projectiles. An implicit assumption made is that the siderophile abundance ratios of the projectiles are approximately preserved during mixing of the projectile constituents with the impact melts. As this mixture occurs during flow of strongly shocked materials at high temperatures, however there are grounds for suspecting that the underlying assumption is not always valid. In particular, fractionation of the melted and partly vaporized material of the projectile might be expected because of differences in volatility, solubility in silicate melts, and other characteristics of the constituent elements. Impactites from craters with associated meteorites offer special opportunities to test the assumptions on which projectile identifications are based and to study chemical fractionation that occurred during the impact process

Complexity\u27s Shadow: American Indian Property, Sovereignty, and the Future

This Article offers a new perspective on the challenges of the modern American Indian land tenure system. While some property theorists have renewed focus on isolated aspects of Indian land tenure, including the historic inequities of colonial takings of Indian lands, this Article argues that the complexity of today’s federally imposed reservation property system does much of the same colonizing work that historic Indian land policies—from allotment to removal to termination—did overtly. But now, these inequities are largely overshadowed by the daunting complexity of the whole land tenure structure. This Article introduces a new taxonomy of complexity in American Indian land tenure and explores in particular how the recent trend of hypercategorizing property and sovereignty interests into ever-more granular and interacting jurisdictional variables has exacerbated development and self-governance challenges in Indian country. This structural complexity serves no adequate purpose for Indian landowners or Indian nations and, instead, creates perverse incentives to grow the federal oversight role. Complexity begets complexity, and this has created a self-perpetuating and inefficient cycle of federal control. Stepping back and reviewing Indian land tenure in its entirety—as a whole complex, dynamic, and ultimately adaptable system—allows the introduction of new, and potentially fruitful, management techniques borrowed from social and ecological sciences. Top-down Indian land reforms have consistently intensified complexity’s costs. This Article explores how emphasizing grassroots experimentation and local flexibility instead can create critical space for more radical, reservation-by-reservation transformations of local property systems into the future

Transportability of an Empirically Supported Manual for the Treatment of Depression in Community Mental Health

Depressive Disorders impact an estimated 17.6 million Americans a year (National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, 1999). It has been found, in fact, that major depressive disorders are the predominant illnesses among the population served in the community mental health population (Bailey, 1999; Blendon & Benson, 1998). Due to restrictions in funding in Medicaid and Medicare services, many mental health services have been either restricted or eliminated for the indigent population requiring treatment (Bailey, 1999). Recognizing the need for improved outpatient care for this underserved population, the NIMH increased funding to develop stronger relationships between research and clinical practice. The NIMH also concluded that the use of evidenced-based practices, especially the use of psychotherapy treatment manuals, might be helpful in the dissemination of translational research in community mental health settings (Wilson, 1995; Addis, 2002). However, empirically supported treatment manuals have been resisted in the clinical community due to fear of standardization by clinicians (Wilson, 1995; Addis, 2002). To better understand the potential advantages and disadvantages of translational research and evidenced-based practices, an empirically supported treatment manual was implemented in a community mental health center for the treatment of major depressive disorders in a single case study. The findings suggested that the client found the structured approach helpful, especially in applying the new skills to his everyday life. There were some questions pertaining to the success of the outcome of the treatment because of the variability of the data points related to the Beck Depression Inventory–II Scores. Based on anecdotal information gathered from the transcripts and from the therapist\u27s process notes, the client felt that his depressive symptoms reduced and his quality of life improved. The client also successfully attended all sessions and completed 90% of his assigned homework activities. It is also important to note that the client and therapist maintained a strong therapeutic working relationship, which was measured by the Working Alliance-Short Form. It is proposed by this author and researcher to conduct an empirical study with a larger sample size, three interventions and a greater number of sessions to gain a greater understanding of the benefits of manual interventions in a community mental health center