Recurrent ectopic pregnancies with secondary infertility: a case report

Infertility is defined as 1 year of unprotected sexual intercourse without pregnancy. It is further classified as primary and secondary. Secondary infertility is one in which prior pregnancy not necessarily live birth has occurred. Pelvic infections as a cause for infertility are seen in 12% cases while genital tuberculosis contribute 10-15%. Various studies have well established a relationship between subclinical infection and infertility with the two most potential pathogens being: Chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma species. Authors are presenting two cases one of a 30yr female, P0+5, with class 2 obesity with previous three ectopic pregnancies with LSO done 1 year back i/v/o left ruptured ectopic now presenting with secondary infertility for 1 year and another case of a 21 years female, P0+2, with previous two ectopic with LSO done 2 years back now presenting with infertility. These cases emphasize that infections are important causes for recurrent ectopic pregnancies and infertility

A Data Mining Analysis Over Psychiatric Database for Mental Health Classification

Data mining approach help in various extraction unit from large dataset. Mental health and brain statistics is an important body part which is directly connected with the human body. There are many symptoms which can observe from the mental health care dataset and especially with psychiatric dataset. There are many health disease associated with such symptoms i.e. Anxiety, Mood disorder, Depression etc. Diseases such as mental retardation, Alzheimer, dementia and many other related with such symptoms. A proper classification and finding its efficiency is needed while dealing with different set of data. A classification of these disease and analysis requirement make it working for user understanding over disease. In this paper different classification algorithm is presented and classification is performed using J48 (C4.5), Random forest (RF) and Random Tree (RT) approach. The classification with precision, recall, ROC curve and F-measure is taken in as computation parameter. An analysis shows that the Random tree based approach find efficient result while comparing with J48 and Random forest algorithm

Lab characterization of near-surface soils from Farm to Market Road 2

Distresses in pavements is a common issue in the state of Texas. Various research and mechanisms have been developed to study the performance of the pavements in the recent years. One of the major types of distress is longitudinal cracking caused by various environmental factors. These factors have been studied previously by many researchers, (Zornberg, Gupta, & Ferreira, Field performance of geosynthetic reinforced pavements over expansive clay subgardes, 2010), (Zornberg, Ferreira, & Roodi, GeosyntheticReinforced Unbound Base Courses: Quantification of the Reinforcement Benefits , 2013). One such factor is the expansive subgrade over which a pavement is constructed. The subgrade when wet, swells and shrinks when it gets dry. This swelling and shrinkage in different seasons causes significant cracking on the pavement surface as the subgrade moves. This affects especially the shoulders of the roadway as it is where the subgrade has the most chance to move. There are many ways for the characterization of the subgrade soil, for example in terms of strength, shear or swelling and shrinkage. For this research, the focus was on characterization in terms of swelling. For this, the process started with initial measurements (moisture content, density and suction), then index properties were calculated (Atterberg Limits) before running the centrifuge tests to get the stress-swell curves. One major common factor that affects the characterization is the initial conditions. If we start with wrong dry conditions, chances of getting over or underestimated results are high. This report reviews the co-relation used to get the dry initial conditions and further tests to characterize the soil. Sample borings were taken from 16 locations corresponding to the first 16 tests sections monitored in the previous research. (Zornberg, Ferreira, & Roodi, GeosyntheticReinforced Unbound Base Courses: Quantification of the Reinforcement Benefits , 2013) on the Farm to Market road 2 up to 10ft depth where each interval was 2ft. Initially the borings were weighed and measured to get an estimate of the volume and hence density and the initial moisture content was measured. Atterberg limits tests were conducted to get the dry conditions using the Tex-124-E correlation. Later, the borings were tested for their swelling potential using the centrifuge technique to match the in-situ stress and eventually get the stress-swell curves. Later on, the data collected in this reported will be used to calculate the Potential vertical Rise of these locations and eventually those PVR values will be used to correlate the subgrade soil behavior and performance of the pavements.Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineerin

IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF RAJASTHAN: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

Objectives: Pregnancy and delivery are an important risk factor for COVID-19. The present study was carried out to see the impact of COVID 19 on maternal mortality ratio (MMR). Methods: This retrospective study was performed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mahila Chikitsalya, and SMS Medical College Jaipur from January 2018 to December 2021. Data were collected from the hospital records and MMR was calculated for every year. The causes of death were also recorded and changing trends were noted. Results: In the present study, the MMR for the years 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 were 159.03, 112.72, 354.58, and 603, respectively, which reflects enormous increase in MMR during COVID pandemic years (2020 and 2021). Before the pandemic (2018 and 2019), maximum deaths were from direct obstetric causes (77.35%) while 22.64% maternal deaths were from indirect causes. During COVID pandemic a large percentage (53.12%) of maternal deaths were due to indirect obstetric causes, COVID pneumonitis (ARDS) being the most common cause of death. Conclusions: There was 3.59 times increase in MMR during COVID-19 pandemic in our institute. COVID pneumonitis was responsible for significant number of maternal deaths

Effect of Bio-degradation and Non Degradable Substances in Environment

Non-Biodegradable substances produce the greenhouse gasses, methane and carbon dioxide. Growing plants and trees on top of a landfill, a process known as ‘Phyto capping\u27, could reduce the production and release of these gasses. In certain parts of the world, it remains the most economical and simplest method of waste disposal. Biodegradation of organic matter in a landfill site occurs most rapidly when water comes into contact with the buried waste. An important step in the drive is to remove environmentally harmful materials from waste streams and drinking water. A synthetic clay known as swelling mica has the ability to separate ions of radium, a radioactive metal, from the water. The finding could have implications for radioactive and hazardous waste disposal, particularly in the cleanup of mill tailings left over from the processing of uranium for the nation\u27s nuclear industry. The tailings contain radium and heavy metals

Uterine artery doppler indices may predict intrauterine contraceptive device-related abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the role of colour Doppler velocimetry of the uterine arteries as a predictor of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD)-induced abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: A prospective study was performed on 120 women (60 without AUB and 60 with AUB) who had copper IUCD inserted as a method of contraception. Detailed history, general and local examination and relevant investigations were done. Pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of uterine artery measured at 3 months after IUCD insertion.Results: Cut-off levels for PI and RI of uterine arteries were set. PI cut-off level <2.09 with sensitivity of 58.3%, specificity of 61.67% and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.666. RI cut-off level ≤0.83 with sensitivity of 53.33%, specificity of 66.67% and AUC of 0.703. These cut-off levels were associated with abnormal uterine bleeding.Conclusions: Initial measurement of uterine artery Doppler indices (PI and RI) before IUCD insertion could be useful in predicting IUCD-induced abnormal uterine bleeding which is the major cause of method withdrawal during the first year of use and accordingly women could be counseled to consider another method of contraception.

Impact of maternal education on the development of severe acute malnourished children

Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a grave form of undernutrition that has been recognized as a medical and social disorder. Various factors contribute to the development of SAM, but the impact of maternal education on the nutritional status and development of the child is of paramount importance since focused interventions in this aspect can yield promising results. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to assess the impact of maternal education on the development of children with SAM. Materials and Methods: A total of 125 SAM children in the age group 12–30 months were enrolled in this prospective observational study from among those admitted to the nutritional rehabilitation center of a tertiary care center in central India. The developmental status of SAM children was assessed using the Developmental Assessment Scale of Indian Infants. The association of maternal education with the development of SAM children was analyzed. Results: Overall developmental delay was observed in 44.8% of SAM children, whereas motor and mental development delay was noted in 45.6% and 44% of SAM children. The maternal education level was significantly associated with the overall development of the SAM child. (P=0.043 for motor development, P=0.017 for mental development, P=0.023 for motor developmental delay). Conclusion: Maternal education plays a key role in improving the developmental status of SAM children, who are more prone to developmental delays across various domains. Efforts toward enhancing maternal education, especially knowledge regarding child nutrition and development, can reduce the incidence and improve the management of SAM in children

Inequalities in oral health:The economic burden of dental caries

Aim or Purpose: This study aimed to: determine the lifetime costs of preventing and managing of dental caries in five countries (Brazil, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, UK), and assess the impact on these costs from levelling up prevention and management across socioeconomic groups in the five study countries. We comment on plausible actions for stakeholders to better manage the burden presented by dental caries. Materials and Methods: We conducted an evidence review, expert engagement via a group meeting and one-on-one expert interviews, alongside an economic evaluation. A cohort simulation model was developed, estimating the projected lifetime costs for a cohort aged 12 years old today, using national-level DMFT data and progression rates of dental caries through an individual's lifetime. Results: Base on the preliminary analysis, the lifetime costs of dental caries represent a significant burden on individuals and health systems. The lowest socioeconomic groups in each country face the greatest health and economic burden from the disease. By targeting preventative interventions to reduce the incidence of dental caries, there is considerable potential for individual countries to improve oral health across their population. Conclusions: This unique analysis of the economic costs of preventing and managing dental caries across socioeconomic groups in five countries supports policymakers in raising awareness of this important issue amongst their stakeholders. Prioritising the prevention of dental caries can be justified based on these data that quantify the benefit in economic terms and provides a broad agenda for action. This study was commissioned by the EFP. This research was funded by a grant from Haleon

Understanding the training and transfer effects in N-back training

Current research looking at the effect of working memory training on constructs such as fluid intelligence has generated mixed findings. Some researchers have found that training participants on working memory tasks leads to an improvement on fluid intelligence scores, others have failed to find this effect. To reconcile these different findings, there is a need to understand the underlying mechanism of the transfer effect. In this study, a modified N-Back task was decomposed into its component processes, namely updating, focus switching one-step retrieval, and focus switching requiring search; the effect of training on each of the components was examined. Since updating has been found to be associated with both working memory (e.g., Miyake et al., 2000) and fluid intelligence (e.g., Friedman et al., 2006), the study specifically looked at the role of the updating component in eliciting transfer to other cognitive control processes (task switching and inhibition) as well as measures of fluid intelligence. The study employed two groups of participants—experimental and active control, which were trained for 10 hours over a period of two weeks and assessed on the transfer measures before and after training. The experimental group was trained on all the components of the modified N-Back task, whereas the active control group was trained on all components, except updating. If updating were the crucial link between training and transfer effects, the two groups should have shown differential effects on the transfer measures. However, this hypothesis was not supported. Training in the updating aspect of the N-Back task did not generalize to other cognitive control processes implicated in working memory nor did it lead to transfer to measures of fluid intelligence. However, we did find that training effects are different on the different working memory components. The updating component is more malleable than the focus switching requiring search and focus switching direct retrieval. Thus working memory training protocols targeting the updating component might be more effective than the ones which don’t include it.Ph.D

CITIZEN PARTICIPATION AND GOOD GOVERNANCE IN NEW DELHI RESEARCHING REALITY INTERNSHIP| 2013 Citizen Participation and Good Governance in Delhi

Abstract Indian governance has been riddled with cases of malpractice and corruption. It is no wonder that when the concept of the Jan Lokpal Bill was being proposed, it saw massive support all over India. This is because Indian governance has never had a system where those who govern have had to answer to the public until election year. This research paper investigates the question: Does India need to increase citizen participation in its political decision-making in order to improve governance? This question holds important relevance in a country like India where there is so much diversity in terms of income, religion, and language etcetera. This diversity also breeds serious inequality and poverty issues that have yet to be solved by the various schemes initiated by the government. By improving governance we could potentially change the demographics of this country for the better. My paper argues that citizen participation is an essential component of good governance as it allows for more rational and informed decision-making according to the needs of the public. I also argue that initiatives taken by the government such as the 74 th constitutional amendment, Delhi Bhagidari scheme and the Right to Information Act have all failed to achieve good governance. Hence India must bring in new reforms that allow for higher levels of citizen participation and higher public impact